Levels and Predictors of HIV Risk Behavior Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men

Abstract

Black men who have sex with men (MSM) contract HIV at disproportionately high rates, and National HIV/AIDS Strategy goals to reduce HIV incidence cannot be successful without improved HIV prevention among racial minority MSM. 210 Black MSM from three cities (Cleveland, Miami, and Milwaukee) completed measures assessing their sexual behavior and demographic characteristics, as well as AIDS-specific psychosocial scales, broader contextual domains, and substance use. Nearly 50% of men reported recent unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), often with non-main partners, with partners not known to be HIV seroconcordant, or with multiple partners. 37% of men reported being HIV-positive. In multiple regression analyses, higher levels of unprotected behavior were predicted by weaker perceived peer norms for condom use, weaker risk reduction behavioral intentions, being HIV-negative, and recent use of marijuana, cocaine/crack, and poppers. Greater number of UAI partners was associated with weaker perceived peer condom use norms, lower risk reduction intentions, illicit use of prescribed opiates, and fewer AIDS conspiracy beliefs. These findings suggest important factors that should be targeted in HIV prevention programs for Black MSM.

Prescription opioid use, illicit drug use, and sexually transmitted infections among participants from a community engagement program in North Central Florida

“…In 2012, the most recent year CDC data is available, 259 million prescriptions were written for opioids, the most frequently misused prescription drug (CDC, 2014). Previous research have shown that prescription opioid abuse is not only associated with the use of illicit drugs, but is also associated with high risk sexual behavior (Buttram et al, 2013; Dunn et al, 2013; Kelly et al, 2013, Chorba et al, 2012; Church et al, 2011; Meade et al, 2010; Shoptow et al, 2014; Tetrault et al, 2010). Though some southern states, such as Florida, have been able to curtail its former prescription opioid prescribing rates with prescription monitoring systems, the highest prescribing states of opioids are in the South, with some states bordering Florida, which can provide an alternative avenue to obtain these drugs (CDC, 2014; Sauber-Shatz et al 2013).…”

Beyond the Ball: Implications for HIV Risk and Prevention Among the Constructed Families of African American Men Who Have Sex with Men

“…HIV prevention interventions that use a macro-social network could capitalize on the naturally existing social ties in constructed families to spread HIV prevention messages and safer sex norms to their peers. Further, lack of social support is associated with higher sexual risk behavior among AAMSM (Hart, Peterson et al 2004; Peterson, Rothenberg et al 2009; Kelly, St Lawrence et al 2013) and the close social relationships that develop within constructed families may be protective even in the absence of explicit HIV prevention messages. As seen in our results, AAMSM have considerable trust in family members who fulfill many instrumental and emotional support roles, like providing constructed family members with a place to sleep, a name to get their electricity turned on, encouraging younger members to get a job or education, or being a sympathetic ear when family members have trouble in their personal or biological family relationships.…”

A rede de apoio social de usuários de crack acompanhados por um equipe de consultório na rua de uma cidade no interior de Minas Gerais

“…A partir da leitura desses artigos, identificou-se que, nos estudos recentes sobre a temática, têm-se focado principalmente as características da rede social dos usuários (GRIFFIN; RODRIGUEZ, 2011;RUDOLPH et al, 2011;JONAS et al, 2012;LATKIN et al, 2012;NYAMATHI et al, 2012;WENZEL et al, 2012;BUTTRAM;KURTZ;SURRAT, 2013;RUDOLPH et al, 2013;BOODRAM;MACKESY-AMITIA, LATKIN, 2015;KING;LATKIN, DAVEY-ROTHWWLL, 2015;SONG;WENZEL, 2015;SCHERER et al, 2016;SMITH et al, 2016), os fatores de risco, da rede social, em relação ao uso de drogas (DOHERTY et al, 2011;RHOADES et al, 2011;TOBIN et al, 2011;CRAWFORD et al, 2013;KELLY et al, 2013;MAUSLBY et al, 2014;GUNN;CANADA, 2015;FUJIMOTO et al, 2016) e os fatores de proteção, da rede social, em relação ao uso de drogas (BOOTH et al, 2011;TRENZ et al, 2012;CHARLEBOIS et al, 2012;OSER, LEUKERFELD, 2012;RAMASWAMY et al, 2013;SAPRA et al, 2013;HUDSON;NANDY, 2014;JORGE, 2014;HEARN et al, 2015;CUCCIARE et al, 2016;HORTA et al, 2016;MCNEIL et al, 2015).…”

“…No que diz respeito às populações estudadas, em tais estudos trabalhou-se com indivíduos com privação da liberdade (GRIFFIN E RODRIGUEZ, 2011;LEUKEFELD, 2012), população rural (DOHERTY et al, 2011;JONAS et al, 2012;CUCCIARE et al, 2016;SMITH et al, 2016), homossexuais (Tobin et al, 2011;KELLY et al, 2013;BUTTRAM;KURTZ;SURRAT, 2013;MAULSBY et al, 2014;FUJIMOTO et al, 2016), pessoas com baixa renda (KING; LATKIN, DAVEY-ROTHWWLL, et al, 2015;, sujeitos em situação de rua (RHOADES et al, 2011;NYAMATHI et al, 2012;WENZEL et al, 2012;HUDSON;NANDY, 2014;SONG;WENZEL, 2015), usuários de crack e outras drogas (BOOTH et al, 2011;RUDOLPH et al, 2011;TRENZ et al, 2012;LATKIN et al, 2012;CRAWFORD et al, 2013;RAMASWAMY et al, 2013;RUDOLPH et al, 2013;SAPRA et al, 2013;BOODRAM;MACKESY-AMITIA;GUNN;CANADA, 2015;HEARN et al, 2015). Destaca-se que apenas em alguns desses estudos trabalhou-se exclusivamente com os usuários de crack (CHARLEBOIS et al, 2012;HORTA et al, 2016;SCHERER et al, 2016;JORGE, 2014;MCNeil et al, 2015)…”

“…Em relação à caracterização da rede social dos usuários de drogas, diversos autores (GRIFFIN; RODRIGUEZ, 2011;RUDOLPH et al, 2011;JONAS et al, 2012;LATKIN et al, 2012;NYAMATHI et al, 2012;WENZEL et al, 2012;BUTTRAM;KURTZ, 2013;RUDOLPH et al, 2013;BOODRAM;MACKESY-AMITIA;KING;DAVEY-ROTHWWLL, 2015;SONG;WENZEL, 2015;SCHERER et al, 2016;SMITH et al, 2016) (DOHERTY et al, 2011;TOBIN et al, 2011;KELLY et al, 2013;MAULSBY et al, 2014;FUJIMOTO et al, 2016), estigma e discriminação (CRAWFORD et al, 2013;GUNN;CANADA, 2015) e viver em situação de rua (RHOADES et al, 2011;TRENZ et al, 2012;HUDSON;NANDY, 2014 No tocante ao estigma e discriminação, em um estudo conduzido por Crawford et al (2013), em Nova York, teve-se como objetivo analisar a associação entre preconceito por raça, uso de drogas ou histórico carcerário e a rede social de usuários de drogas ilícitas. Foi apresentado em seus achados, que os participantes que relataram ter sofrido discriminação devido à raça e ao uso de drogas tinham em suas redes sociais mais vínculos que apresentavam risco tanto para uso de drogas quanto para comportamento sexual de risco.…”