Levels and potential sources of atmospheric organochlorine pesticides at Korea background sites

Jin, Guang‐Zhu; Kim, Sang-Min; Lee, Su-Yeong; Park, Jin-Soo; Kim, Dong-Hoon; Lee, Minjin; Sim, Ki-Tae; Kang, Hak-Gu; Kim, Ilgyu; Shin, Sun-Kyoung; Seok, Kwang-Seol; Hwang, Soonho

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.036

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These gaseous concentrations were similar to those observed by Ji et al [2015] in the same area and in studies of adjacent regions of Singapore (7.2 ± 4.2 pg/m 3 for DDT in 2006) [He et al, 2009] and South Korea (3.5 pg/m 3 for DDT and 22.3 pg/m 3 for HCH in [2008][2009] [Jin et al, 2013]. The concentrations were also comparable to or slightly higher than those observed in background atmospheric concentrations above the open ocean in the North Pacific and the adjacent Arctic region in 2003 (6.49 pg/m 3 for DDT) [Ding et al, 2009] and 2008 (3 pg/m 3 for α-HCH and 2.2 pg/m 3 for p,p 0 -DDT) [Jaward et al, 2004] The total dissolved-phase concentrations of DDT and HCH were 110-950 pg/L, with an average of 470 ± 270 pg/L (253 ± 260 pg/L for γ-HCH; 100 ± 130 pg/L for o,p 0 -DDT; 50 ± 50 pg/L for p,p 0 -DDD; 27 ± 28 pg/L for p,p 0 -DDT; 21 ± 29 pg/L for p,p 0 -DDE; and 15 ± 10 pg/L for α-HCH, respectively).…”

Section: Air-sea Gas Exchangesupporting

confidence: 84%

“…These gaseous concentrations were similar to those observed by Ji et al [] in the same area and in studies of adjacent regions of Singapore (7.2 ± 4.2 pg/m 3 for DDT in 2006) [ He et al , ] and South Korea (3.5 pg/m 3 for DDT and 22.3 pg/m 3 for HCH in 2008–2009) [ Jin et al , ]. The concentrations were also comparable to or slightly higher than those observed in background atmospheric concentrations above the open ocean in the North Pacific and the adjacent Arctic region in 2003 (6.49 pg/m 3 for DDT) [ Ding et al , ] and 2008 (3 pg/m 3 for α‐HCH and 2.2 pg/m 3 for p,p′‐DDT) [ Jaward et al , ] and the Southern Ocean and Antarctic Peninsula in 2008–2009 (1.5–7.1 pg/m 3 for HCHs) [ Galban‐Malagon et al , ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Atmospheric deposition and air‐sea gas exchange fluxes of DDT and HCH in the Yangtze River Estuary, East China Sea

Lin

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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The Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) is strongly influenced by the Yangtze River and lies on the pathway of the East Asian Monsoon. This study examined atmospheric deposition and air‐sea gas exchange fluxes of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) to determine whether the YRE is a sink or source of selected pesticides at the air‐water interface under the influences of river input and atmospheric transport. The air‐sea gas exchange of DDT was characterized by net volatilization with a marked difference in its fluxes between summer (140 ng/m2/d) and the other three seasons (12 ng/m2/d), possibly due to the high surface seawater temperatures and larger riverine input in summer. However, there was no obvious seasonal variation in the atmospheric HCH deposition, and the air‐sea gas exchange reached equilibrium because of low HCH levels in the air and seawater after the long‐term banning of HCH and the degradation. The gas exchange flux of HCH was comparable to the dry and wet deposition fluxes at the air‐water interface. This suggests that the influences from the Yangtze River input and East Asian continental outflow on the fate of HCH in the YRE were limited. The gas exchange flux of DDT was about fivefold higher than the total dry and wet deposition fluxes. DDT residues in agricultural soil transported by enhanced riverine runoff were responsible for sustaining such a high net volatilization in summer. Moreover, our results indicated that there were fresh sources of DDT from the local environment to sustain net volatilization throughout the year.

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Section: Air-sea Gas Exchangesupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Atmospheric deposition and air‐sea gas exchange fluxes of DDT and HCH in the Yangtze River Estuary, East China Sea

Lin

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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“…HCBz, in contrast, displayed highest concentrations (23-168 pg/m 3 ) in both seasons at site 2 and site 3, and other locations characterized by high traffic and industrial activities (site 1, 4, 6 and 9). The average HCBz concentration in Alexandria was only slightly higher than its northern hemisphere average concentration (~ 50 pg/m 3 ) (Jin et al, 2013), but much lower than measured concentrations in China (Liu et al, 2009) and Korea (Li et al, 2007) (Table SI 10). Although HCBz production has ceased in most countries, it is still being generated inadvertently as a by-product and/or impurity in several chemical processes, such as the manufacture of chlorinated solvents, chlorinated aromatics and pesticides.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variations Of Ocpsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Feasibility of using low density polyethylene sheets to detect atmospheric organochlorine pesticides in Alexandria, Egypt

Khairy

Lohmann

2013

Environmental Pollution

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Egypt is a major agricultural country in Africa with a known past of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) application, yet data on atmospheric levels of OCPs in Egypt is sparse. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers were therefore deployed for 3 weeks each at 11 locations in July, 2010 and January, 2011 in Alexandria to screen for gas-phase OCPs. Performance reference compounds were used to investigate the uptake kinetics. Field-derived sampler-air partitioning coefficients (K PEA s) for OCPs were significantly correlated against the compounds' subcooled liquid vapour pressure (log P L): [log K PEA =-0.77+0.07 * log P L + 6.35+0.13 (R 2 = 0.90; n = 17; SE = 0.19; p < 0.001)]. Estimated and measured OCP concentrations in Alexandria agreed well (factor difference ≤ 2) indicating the feasibility of monitoring OCPs using LDPEs. OCP concentrations ranged from

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“…[12] These OCP were extensively used for agriculture, which is a major contamination pathway for foodstuff. [13] The OCP has been described to be associated with many health problems, such as neurological damage, birth defects, respiratory illness, breast cancer, lowered sperm counts and immune system dysfunction. [14,15] Due to all of this problematic, the OCPs have been prohibited for agricultural and domestic use in Europe, North America and some countries of South America in accordance with Stockholm convention of 1980.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eruca sativa: Benefits as antioxidants source versus risks of already banned pesticides

Maia

Correia-Sá

Coelho

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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Eruca sativa (rocket salad) has been intensely consumed all over the world, insomuch as, this work was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant status and the environmental contamination (positive and negative nutritional contribution) of leaves and stems from this vegetable. Antioxidant capacity of rocket salad was assessed by mean of optical methods, such as the total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extent of the environmental contamination was reached through the quantification of thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCP) by using gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) and compound confirmations employing gas chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The OCP residues were extracted by using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) methodology.The extent of the environmental contamination was reached through the quantification of thirteen OCP by using gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) and compound confirmations employing GC-MS/MS. The OCP residues were extracted by using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) methodology. This demonstrated that leaves presented more antioxidant activity than stems, emphasizing that leaves contained six times more polyphenolic compounds than stems. In what concerns the OCP occurrence, the average recoveries obtained at the three levels tested (40, 60 and 80 µg kg(-1)) ranged from 55% to 149% with a relative standard deviation of 11%, (except hexachrorobenzene). Three vegetables samples were collected from supermarkets and analysed following this study. According to data, only one sample achieved 16.21 of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, confirmed by GC-MS/MS. About OCP quantification, the data indicated that only one sample achieved 16.21 µg kg(-1) of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, confirmed by GC-MS/MS, being the QuEChERS a good choice for the of OCPs extraction. Furthermore, the leaves consumption guaranty higher levels of antioxidants than stems.

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Levels and potential sources of atmospheric organochlorine pesticides at Korea background sites

Cited by 28 publications

References 56 publications

Atmospheric deposition and air‐sea gas exchange fluxes of DDT and HCH in the Yangtze River Estuary, East China Sea

Atmospheric deposition and air‐sea gas exchange fluxes of DDT and HCH in the Yangtze River Estuary, East China Sea

Feasibility of using low density polyethylene sheets to detect atmospheric organochlorine pesticides in Alexandria, Egypt

Eruca sativa: Benefits as antioxidants source versus risks of already banned pesticides

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