Level, source, and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in agricultural soils of Tanzania

Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment

“…“Chromatographic analysis was performed at the following temperatures: 120 °C for 1 min and then increased to 180 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min, then to 260 °C at a rate of 2 °C/min, and finally to 300 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min for 4 min” [ 95 ] Soil 3 0.022–0.024 97.8–111.3 7.1–13.1 GC-MS: Splitless. “the column temperature was at 80 °C for 1 min, increased to 150 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min, then increased to 210 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min, and finally increased to 280 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min; thereafter, the temperature remained constant for 5 min” [ 148 ] Soil 15 500–2000 1000–2x10 4 GC-MS: Splitless, “the oven temperature was programmed starting at 45 °C and held 0.5 min, followed by an increase of 30 °C min ─1 up to 90 °C, held 0.5 min, then 10 °C min ─1 up to 310 °C for 3 min” [ 149 ] Soil 28 0.036–0.183 GC-ECD: “the oven temperature began at 100 °C (equilibrium time 1 min), rose to 200 °C at 4 °C/min, then to 230 °C at 2 °C/min, and at last reached 280 °C at a rate of 8 °C/min, held for 15 min” [ 150 ] Soil 25 0.018–0.058 0.062–0.199 Surrogate: 59.2–124 GC-ECD: “The oven temperature was set to start from 100 °C (held for 1 min), and then increased by a rate of 4 °C/min to 200 °C, by a rate of 2 °C/min to 230 °C, and at last by a rate of 8 °C/min to 280 °C, with a final holding time of 15 min” [ 151 ] Soil 25 MDL: 0.001–0.02 74.8 and 86.9 <20 %; GC-ECD/GC-MS: “initially 100 °C for 1 min, 4 °C/min to 200 °C, 2 °C/min to 230 °C, and 8 °C/min to 280 °C for 15 min” [ 152 ] Soil 26 …”