Level of Sterility and Morphological Flowers Differentiation of Petaloid Male-sterile Plants of Carrot

Kozik, E.; Nowak, Renata; Nowakowska, Marzena; Dyki, B.

doi:10.5539/jas.v4n2p187

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It has been found that anther browning and petaloid anthers exist in male sterile plants of the Camellia genus (Jiang et al, 2020;Xiong et al, 2019). These two abortion means are also the main routes of abnormal anther development in other plants (Kozik et al, 2012). In a study describing petalized anther sterility, the abortion of A. schoenoprasum revealed smaller anthers in sterile plants compared with the control group, no radial thickening of the endothecium, the inability of sterile plants to release pollen, and the absence of viable pollen in pollen sacs that were the same color as the petals (Engelke et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anther abortion is mainly manifested in morphology as anther browning or petalized anthers (Carlsson and Glimelius, 2011;Jia et al, 2020). In male sterile Daucus carota plants, petaloid anthers can retain parental traits more easily than brownish anthers (Kozik et al, 2012). To date, petaloid abortion has been found in Allium schoenoprasum, Brassica juncea, Tagetes patula, and D. carota (Engelke et al, 2002;He et al, 2010;Kozik et al, 2012;Meur et al, 2006); however, the mechanisms of abortion are diverse and can include the abnormal development of the connective tissues and pollen sacs that constitute anthers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Characteristics of Petalized Anther Abortion in Male Sterile Camellia oleifera Plants

Yang

Gao

Deng

et al. 2021

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Petalized anther abortion is an important characteristic of male sterility in plants. The male sterile plants (HB-21) evincing petalized anther abortion previously discovered in a clone population of the Camellia oleifera cultivar Huashuo by our research group were selected as the experimental material in this study. Using plant microscopy and anatomic methods and given the correspondence between external morphology and internal structure, we studied the anatomic characteristics of petalized anther abortion (with a fertile plant as the control group) in various stages, from flower bud differentiation to anther maturity, in hopes of providing a theoretical basis for research on and applications of male sterile C. oleifera plants, a new method for the selection of male sterile C. oleifera cultivars, and improvements in the yield and quality of C. oleifera. In this study, the development of anthers in C. oleifera was divided into 14 stages. Petalized anther abortion in male sterile plants was mainly initiated in the second stage (the stage of sporogenous cells). Either the petalized upper anther parts did not form pollen sacs, or the entire anthers did not form pollen sacs. The lower parts of some anthers could form deformed pollen sacs and develop, and these anthers could be roughly divided into two types: fully and partially petalized anthers. Abnormal callose and the premature degradation of the tapetum occurred in the pollen sacs formed by partially petalized anthers during the development process, resulting in the absence of inclusions in the pollen grains formed. Small quantities of mature pollen grains withered inward from the germinal furrows, exhibiting obvious abortion characteristics. The relative in vitro germination rate of the pollen produced by the partially petalized anthers of sterile plants was 11.20%, and the relative activity of triphenyltetrazolium chloride was 3.24%, while the fully petalized anthers did not generate pollen grains. Either the petalized anthers in male sterile plants did not produce pollen, or the vitality of the small amounts of pollen produced by sterile plants was very low compared with that of fertile plants. Such male sterile plants could be used to select correct clones and have good prospects for application in production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Anatomical Characteristics of Petalized Anther Abortion in Male Sterile Camellia oleifera Plants

Yang

Gao

Deng

et al. 2021

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Male sterility can be classified as genic male sterility, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), or cytoplasmic-genic male sterility in higher plants according to inheritance or origin (Chen et al, 2017). Furthermore, CMS in crop species can be subdivided based on the phenotypic characteristics of the stamens, including the brown anther type and the petaloid stamen type (Kozik et al, 2012). In petaloid-type male sterility, the anther filament structure is replaced by petals or sepals (Yu et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This petaloid type of male sterility is genetically stable, is less affected by the environment, and is easy to identify. Petaloid stability is found in many crop species, including Solanum melongena (Chen et al, 2013), Brassica juncea (Yu et al, 2010(Yu et al, , 2014, Daucus carota (Kozik et al, 2012;Tan et al, 2017;Wolyn and Chahal, 1998;Wright et al, 1996), and Tagetes erecta (He et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2017). In higher plants, the primary causes of CMS include abnormal microspore and tapetal cell development (Jiang et al, 2015;Luo et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2016;Xie et al, 2018), abnormal adenosine triphosphatase activity (Ji et al, 2014), and excessively high concentrations of Ca 2+ (Tian et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphological and Cytological Characterization of Petaloid-type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Camellia oleifera

Xiong¹,

Chen²,

Zhu³

et al. 2019

horts

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Camellia oleifera is an important woody tree species in China that produces edible oil. Although sterile male C. oleifera plants play an important role in hybrid breeding, the possible cytological characteristics of pollen abortion remain unknown. To characterize the pollen abortion process, a genic petaloid-type sterile male C. oleifera ‘X1’ plant was investigated using a cytological method. The results showed that in male-fertile plants, the anthers were full and butterfly shaped, the pollen viability was as high as 97.5%, and the development of the tapetum and anther vascular bundles was normal. However, in male-sterile C. oleifera ‘X1’, petaloidy in the anther was observed, and the pollen vitality was as low as 4.5%. Pollen abortion in sterile C. oleifera ‘X1’ anthers occurred from the microspore stage to the mature pollen period. Further cytological analyses revealed an abnormally enlarged tapetum and retarded tapetum degeneration, suggesting that insufficient nutrients were provided for microspore development. Moreover, the anther vascular bundles displayed hyperplasia, and the pollen sac area became increasingly smaller, causing most anthers to be sterile and to have few pollen grains. Taken together, the results indicate that petaloid-type male sterility in C. oleifera may be attributed to abnormal development of the tapetum and anther vascular bundles. The findings clarify the pollen abortion period and the cytological characteristics of petaloid-type cytoplasmic male sterility in C. oleifera, and lay a solid foundation for the male sterile line in C. oleifera hybrid breeding.

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“…Perhaps this type of abnormality is induced by the cytoplasm of S. violaceum through a different mechanism. Similar abnormalities including underdeveloped, abortive and brown anthers were attributed to pre-meiotic malfunction of the tapetum in GMS eggplant, CMS carrot and CMS Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Chauhan, 1984;Hidalgo, Hesse, Ubera, & Frosch-Radivo, 1999;Kozik, Nowak, Nowakowska, & Dyki, 2012).…”

Section: Discussmentioning

confidence: 92%

Development and Fertility Restoration of CMS Eggplant Lines Carrying the Cytoplasm of Solanum violaceum

Krommydas¹,

Tzikalios²,

Madesis³

et al. 2016

JAS

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A functional cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) eggplant line carrying the cytoplasm of Solanum violaceum was developed in the past, but the fertility restoring genes (Rf-genes) were not identified. This work aimed to produce the CMS lines of three Hellenic eggplant cultivars (viz., 'Langada', 'Emi' and 'Tsakoniki') using the cytoplasm of S. violaceum and study the inheritance of the Rf-genes. The respective CMS eggplant lines were developed by the backcross method and examined for their fertility parameters. The results demonstrated that female fertility was not affected by the cytoplasm of S. violaceum. In contrast, the occurrence of three male fertility phenotypes (male sterile, male fertile and potentially male fertile) indicated that male fertility was affected by nuclear/cytoplasmic interactions. Male sterile plants were characterized by indehiscent anthers, low pollen viability and abnormal anther morphology. Male fertile plants formed dehiscent anthers with high pollen viability and normal morphology. Potentially male fertile plants initially formed dehiscent anthers, but in later stages formed exclusively indehiscent anthers. Male fertile plants were obtained in the advanced backcross populations of CMS 'Tsakoniki', but not in CMS 'Langada' and CMS 'Emi'. The genetic analysis of fertility restoration indicated that male fertility in the genetic background of cv. 'Tsakoniki' is controlled by one essential genetic locus, affected by a secondary modifying locus. Molecular analysis of cp-DNA and mt-DNA in the CMS lines indicated maternal inheritance of the cytoplasm organelles. Our findings demonstrate that the genotype of the eggplant parent can affect the expression of CMS as well as fertility restoration.

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Level of Sterility and Morphological Flowers Differentiation of Petaloid Male-sterile Plants of Carrot

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Anatomical Characteristics of Petalized Anther Abortion in Male Sterile Camellia oleifera Plants

Anatomical Characteristics of Petalized Anther Abortion in Male Sterile Camellia oleifera Plants

Morphological and Cytological Characterization of Petaloid-type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Camellia oleifera

Development and Fertility Restoration of CMS Eggplant Lines Carrying the Cytoplasm of Solanum violaceum

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