Level of Interleukin-35, Interleukin-36, and the Interleukin-35/Interleukin-36 Ratio in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Jamal, Qudus W.; Alubaidi, Ghassaq T.; Humadi, Yasameen Abbas

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6671

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Such changes are mainly due to the dysregulation of immune mediators such as cytokines and chemokines, which leads to a loss of homeostasis and triggers inflammation in an autoimmune manner [42]. In the literature, the participation of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the pathogenesis of JIA is widely discussed [8][9][10]12,43,44], and their studies have evaluated the role of new cytokines in this process, such as IL-35 and IL-36 [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Features of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients’ Cytokine Profile

Kozlova,

Rybakov,

Yureva

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects the joints, leading to disability. Cytokines and signaling molecules expressed by the immune system cells play a key role in JIA pathogenesis. Understanding how their content changes during pathology development can open up new opportunities for its diagnosis and treatment. The blood plasma of 30 patients with JIA (14 males and 16 females with a mean age of 12.2 ± 4.1) and 20 relatively healthy individuals (10 males and 10 females with a mean age of 10.20 ± 5.85) was analyzed to determine the levels of cytokines using the MILLIPLEX® kit. An increase in interleukins (IL)-1α, 1β, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17F, 22, and 27 and a decrease in IL-3 levels have been shown in patients with JIA. Levels of cytokines, which are important for B-cell activation and proliferation, are increased, while levels of T-cell activating factors remained similar to the control group. Based on our results, it can be assumed that the use of combination therapy aimed at inhibiting both nonspecific interleukins and cytokines that activate B-cells will be more effective for the treatment of JIA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Features of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients’ Cytokine Profile

Kozlova,

Rybakov,

Yureva

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Evaluation of serum Interleukin 36 in Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid arthritis

Mohammed

Alubadi

Alosami

2023

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Rheumatoid arthritis is a worldwide inflammatory chronic autoimmune disease with varying severity. Due to no definitive cure for this disease, current therapies aim to decrease the pain and slow further damage. The interleukin (IL)‐36 cytokine was little known for its role in rheumatoid arthritis; this research aimed to evaluate the serum IL36 levels in RA patients compared to healthy controls. This study included 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis registered at the Rheumatology Clinic in Baghdad teaching hospital. The patients were divided into three groups based on the treatments received. Group 1 included patients treated with biological therapy (etanercept, adalimumab), Group2 patients with non-biological treatment (methotrexate hydroxychloroquine and prednisone), Group3 patients without any treatment and compared with Group 4 healthy control group. Patients is all groups were assessed for their serum IL-36 concentration; the mean IL-36 serum level was significantly higher in three groups of RA patients which include the group of patients treated with biological therapy (Enbrel (etanercept) and Humira (adalimumab) means were (1132.41±475.2,), and group of non-biological therapy patients (Methotrexate hydroxychloroquine and prednisone) (G2) means was 553.95±307, than patients' group without any treatment (G3) means was 1044.01±575.3 compared to the control (341.38±113.1) p-value> 0.00001. The patient's age and BMI were not significantly different between three groups of patient Rheumatoid arthritis. Parameters for this disease also were tested which include RF, CRP, ESR, anti-CCP and disease activity score-28 (DAS 28), there were significant differences when compared with the control group. IL-36 serum level was significantly higher in three groups of rheumatoid arthritis than those in controls, and when compared between three patients groups there was less concentration in the non-biological therapy treatment group means was 553.95±307 than in the rest of the patient groups,biology tratment, without any treatment, means were (1132.41±475.2, 1044.01±575.3) respectively. This study found that Rheumatoid arthritis patients' serum IL36 levels increased, where a non-biologic therapies reduced this cytokine. IL-36's pathogenic involvement in Rheumatoid arthritis needs more study. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, IL-36, IL-1,C‐reactive protein, RF, ESR and anti-CCP.

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Level of Interleukin-35, Interleukin-36, and the Interleukin-35/Interleukin-36 Ratio in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Specific Features of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients’ Cytokine Profile

Specific Features of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients’ Cytokine Profile

Evaluation of serum Interleukin 36 in Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid arthritis

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