Level of faecal coliform contamination of drinking water sources and its associated risk factors in rural settings of north Gondar Zone, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional community based study

Getachew, Atalay; Tadie, Alebachew; Chercos, Daniel Haile; Guadu, Tadesse

doi:10.4314/ejhs.v28i2.14

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The majority of water sources, 49.7% were under medium risk level and 31% of water sources were under high-risk levels. This study finding is in agreement with studies conducted in North Gondar and Eastern Tigrai zone, Ethiopia by Getachew et al 20 and Gebrewahd et al 16 respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water and Associated Factors at the Internally Displaced People Sites, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

Ashuro

Aregu

Kanno

et al. 2021

Environ�Health�Insights

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Providing safe and adequate Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) services in response to emergencies is a major problem. Globally, few studies have investigated the bacteriological quality of drinking water at the IDP sites. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bacteriological quality of drinking water and associated factors at the IDP sites of Gedeo zone. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 213 water samples collected from November to December 2018. The membrane filter technique was used to retain bacteria and lauryl sulphate broth media was used to detect faecal coliforms. After incubation of 14 hours at 44°C, faecal coliforms with yellow colonies were counted and expressed in terms of CFU/100 ml of water. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis with 95%CI and P ⩽ .05 was used to identify factors associated with an outcome variable. Results: Out of 213 water samples collected, 107 (50.2%) samples were tested positive for faecal coliforms. The presence of latrines in uphill (AOR: 6.7, 95%CI: 1.0-42.9), other sources of pollution (AOR: 5.0, 95%CI: 1.1-22.3), inadequate fencing (AOR: 7.1, 95%CI: 1.3-40.2) and lack of diversion ditch (AOR: 6.3, 95%CI: 1.0-37.6) were factors significantly associated with faecal contamination of springs. Dug wells that had a latrine within 10 m (AOR: 11.4, 95%CI: 1.8-72.1), other pollution sources within 10 m (AOR: 7.9, 95%CI: 1.9-32.4), inadequate fencing (AOR: 2.8, 95%CI: 1.0-7.9), drawing water using a bucket with rope (AOR: 7.3, 95%CI: 1.6-33.4) and unsanitary well cover (AOR: 3.4, 95%CI: 1.1-10.4) were factors significantly associated with faecal contamination of wells. Conclusions: The majority of the water sources in internally displaced people sites were tested positive for faecal coliforms. The presence of latrine in uphill, other sources of pollution, inadequate fencing, lack of diversion ditch, drawing water using a bucket with rope and unsanitary well cover were factors associated with the presence of faecal coliforms. Therefore, adequate fencing, proper diversion ditch construction and hygiene promotion should be done to protect water sources from faecal contamination. Furthermore, latrines and other point sources of contamination should be located at least 10 m away or at a lower elevation from water sources.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water and Associated Factors at the Internally Displaced People Sites, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

Ashuro

Aregu

Kanno

et al. 2021

Environ�Health�Insights

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…is finding is agreed with the sample from store at Farta woreda, which showed 100% household storage samples were contaminated with E. coli [14,20]; a similar study conducted at Ghana Temale Metropolis found that 83% of household samples were positive for E. coli [11], and this finding was in compliance with the study conducted at Kolladiba town of Ethiopia, which showed that 32.5% water samples from household storage containers were found to be positive for faecal coliforms [17]. Similarly, a study conducted in Bona woreda of southern Ethiopia and Jimma zone of southwest Ethiopia showed that majority of water samples taken from household storage containers were not in compliance with the WHO guideline value of 0 CFU/ 100 ml [12,21,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Bacteriological Contamination of Drinking Water Supply from Protected Water Sources to Point of Use and Water Handling Practices among Beneficiary Households of Boloso Sore Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia

Gizachew

Admasie

Wegi

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The quality of drinking water is a powerful environmental determinant of health. Water becomes contaminated with faecal material due to inadequate protection of the source, unhygienic practices of the community at the source, and poor household handling practices. The objective of this study was to assess the level of bacteriological contamination of drinking water supply from protected water sources to point of use and water handling practices among beneficiary households of Boloso Sore woreda, Wolaita zone, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey and bacteriological analysis of water were conducted in January 2019. The study included 545 households for water handling practices, and 75 samples from stored water from households and eighteen water sources were included for faecal coliform test. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21.0. Descriptive and logistic regression statistical models were used. Sixty percent of shallow wells, 60% of protected hand-dug wells, and 25% of protected on-spot springs were found positive for faecal coliform. In general, 44% of water source samples and 91% of household water samples were positive for faecal coliform. In general, 38% of households were practicing unsafe water handling practices. High school and above level of education (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.03, 11.57), getting higher monthly income (AOR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.96, 5.85), households with small family size (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.83), frequency of water collection twice a day (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI:1.56, 5.33), and presence of water payments (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.72) were significantly associated with water handling practice. Unsafe water handling was a common practice in the study area, and water sources and household water storage were not free of faecal coliform, indicating noncompliance with the World Health Organization water quality guideline. Hence, capacity building is mandatory for the protection and management of water sources and safe water handling practices in the household and community.

show abstract

“…On the other hand, this result was comparable with earlier studies done in different parts of Ethiopia (58%) (Usman et al, 2016), and (55%) (Asfaw et al, 2016). ; while it was higher than studies done in rural areas of North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia (56.5%) (Getachew et al, 2018), in rural parts of Ethiopia (58%) (Usman et al, 2017), households in Hyderabad, India (36%) (Eshcol et al, 2008), Uganda (Agensi et al, 2019). This difference could be due to variability in sociodemographic characteristics, study setting, sample size, and study period.…”

Section: Bacteriological Quality Of Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 61%

Quality of household drinking water and its associated risk factors in flood-prone settings of Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional community-based study.

Birhan

Destaw

Eyachew

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Drinking water quality deterioration is a big issue in many countries which could be a result of many interconnected biological, physical, and chemical factors. The main contaminants of water sources are human excreta, animal waste, and effluent agricultural practices. Even if the source is safe, water may also become faecally contaminated during collection, transportation, storage, and drawing in the home. Furthermore, a better water source does not lead to full health benefits in the absence of improved water storage and sanitation. Therefore, Regular quality control mechanisms need to be in place. The objective of this study is therefore to determine the level of physioco-chemical and bacteriological quality of household drinking water and its associated factors in flood-prone settlements of South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in flood-prone settlements of the South Gondar Zone from January to March 2021. Household water samples were taken from each household using standardized water sampling techniques. Face-to-face interview using structured questionnaires was used to collect socio-economic and behavioral data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done using logistic regression models.Results: A total of 675 households participated in the study. The prevalence of positive fecal coliform in household water samples in flood-prone settlements of the South Gondar Zone was found to be 62.2% (n=417) with [95% CI (53-60)]. In multivariate analysis, family size [AOR=2.205, 95%CI (1.375-3.536)], presence of latrine [AOR=3.449, 95%CI (1.349-8.823)], and having a separate can to take water from its storage [AOR=0.454, 95%CI (0.249-0.827)] are variables identified as predictors for fecal coliform contamination of household water.Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of positive fecal coliform household water was high. Family size, the presence of a latrine, and having a separate can to take water from its storage had significant associations with the presence of fecal coliform in household drinking water.

show abstract

Level of faecal coliform contamination of drinking water sources and its associated risk factors in rural settings of north Gondar Zone, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional community based study

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water and Associated Factors at the Internally Displaced People Sites, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water and Associated Factors at the Internally Displaced People Sites, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

Bacteriological Contamination of Drinking Water Supply from Protected Water Sources to Point of Use and Water Handling Practices among Beneficiary Households of Boloso Sore Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia

Quality of household drinking water and its associated risk factors in flood-prone settings of Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional community-based study.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About