“…Moreover, the explosion of clinical studies published, heavy workload and a lack of time make it necessary for clinicians to have a quick overview of study quality, which can be provided by the LOE assessment (Luksanapruksa & Millhouse, 2016). Practices of several journals (Obremskey, Pappas, Attallah-Wasif, Tornetta, & Bhandari, 2005;Swiontkowski, Heckman, & Wright, 2003) and recently published studies (Chen et al, 2019;Joyce, Joyce, Kelly, Kelly, & Carroll, 2015;Judy et al, 2018;Sandhu, 2012;Shafiei & Shahravan, 2013) indicate that LOE in clinical studies is receiving increasing attention.…”