Level of analysis in the perception of ongoing instruction: An exploratory study.

Koopman, Cheryl; Newtson, Darren

doi:10.1037/0022-0663.73.2.212

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Koopman & Newtson 1981). Further evidence for an effect of mental segmentation differences on learning is provided by studies about design measures that likely disturbed participants' perception of the structure underlying the information shown (Kurby & Zacks 2008;Zacks et al 2007).…”

Section: Enhancing Perception Of the Underlying Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Koopman & Newtson 1981). Differences in segmentation rates have been found between participants who were asked to segment videos about several human activities (e.g., a couple playing a party game, a person doing dishes, assembling a saxophone, and fertilizing house plants); that is, there were differences in the size of the substeps or subevents in which participants divided the videos (Hanson & Hirst 1989;Zacks et al, 2006;Zacks et al, 2001).…”

Section: Enhancing Perception Of the Underlying Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Theoretical Analysis of How Segmentation of Dynamic Visualizations Optimizes Students' Learning

2010

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This article reviews studies investigating segmentation of dynamic visualizations (i.e., showing dynamic visualizations in pieces with pauses in between) and discusses two not mutually exclusive processes that might underlie the effectiveness of segmentation. First, cognitive activities needed for dealing with the transience of dynamic visualizations impose extraneous cognitive load, which may hinder learning. Segmentation may reduce the negative effect of this load by dividing animations into smaller units of information and providing pauses between segments that give students time for the necessary cognitive activities after each of those units of information. Second, event segmentation theory states that people mentally segment dynamic visualizations during perception (i.e., divide the information shown in pieces). Segmentation of dynamic visualisation could cue relevant segments to students, which may aid them in perceiving the structure underlying the process or procedure shown.

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Section: Enhancing Perception Of the Underlying Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enhancing Perception Of the Underlying Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Analysis of How Segmentation of Dynamic Visualizations Optimizes Students' Learning

2010

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“…Others have extended the procedure to more complex behaviors of individuals (e.g., Buck, Baron, Goodman, & Shapiro, 1980;Shapiro, 1982;Zuckerman, Driver, & Guadagno, 11985;Zuckerman, Kernis, Driver, & Koestner, 1984) and to dyadic coaction in assembling tinker toys (Jensen & Schroder, 1982), but in each case, only the number of segments into which perceivers parsed the interaction was considered. In research with interaction specimens, only one interactant's behavior was clearly visible and barsed (Koopman & Newtson, 1981;Russell, 1979;Russell, Gowaty, Harland, & Martin, 1979;Strenta & Kleck, 1984), or the action unit boundaries were lqcated by the investigators themselves (Cronshaw & Lord, 1987). Again, only the number of observer marks was considered.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploration of the Detectable Structure of Social Episodes: The Parsing of Interaction Specimens

Ginsburg¹,

Smith²

1993

Ecological Psychology

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We report a series of three studies that jointly examine the applicability of the ecological perspective to social perception. First, we extended Newtson's (1973) parsing procedure to the identification of perceptually detectable action units in three naturalistic video specimens of men attempting to "pick up" women in a disco. Observers were able to parse tLe episodes into both large and small action units and to do so under specified conditions with generally high interobserver agreement. Second, independent observers gave brief verbal descriptions of each action unit created by the parsing procedure of Study 1, and action units were identified that were common in content and in location across the three specimens. Third, the accuracy and immediacy with which viewers identified the interaction as a "pickup" episode were assessed using five versions of the episode: (a) an intact version, (b) a version containing only those actions found in common in all specimens, (c) a version containing all actions except those found in common across specimens, (d) a version with all actions but with the common actions randomly relocated, and (e) a version with all actions but with the noncommon actions randomly relocated (and the common actions retained in their original location). Viewers were much less likely to identify the episode correctly, and reported taking longer to do so, when presented with versions in which common elements had been relocated or excised; in contrast, viewers' impressions were as accurate and immediate with the common action versions as with the intact version. These results affirm the applicability of the ecological perspective to the study of perception in complex social episodes. The next step is to identify the actual content of the invariant structural features.T h e existence and detectability of structure in social episodes is a necessary assumption i n the ecological analysis of social perception. For complex social Requests for reprints should be sent to G. P. Ginsburg,

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“…A more interesting explanation involves the nature of the segmenting task. Koopman and Newtson (1981) instructed subjects to use either a global, natural, or fine-grained level of analysis and found superior recall for the fine-grained group. Cohen and Ebbesen (1979) instructed observers to either look for task information or impression information and found superior task content recall in the task condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newtson and his colleagues (e.g., Koopman & Newtson, 1981;Newtson, 1976Newtson, , 1980Newtson & Engquist, 1976) have argued that observers can control the amount of information gleaned from any behaviour sequence by altering their level of analysis. When behaviour is relatively slow changing or relatively predictable, a global level of analysis is appropriate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Approach and avoidance of social information.

Hogue¹,

Atkinson²

1989

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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The present study examined how an approach or avoidance tendency to information influences the perception of related social behaviours. The sexual attitudes of 104 male and female subjects were assessed prior to viewing either a birth control, conservative social values, or educational issues lecture. Subjects indicated the number of meaningful actions in the sequence by pressing a thumb switch. It was hypothesized that more units would be indicated when the topic was consistent with the subject's sexual attitudes, due to an attempt to gain more informational content. As expected, sexual attitudes interacted with lecture topic. Subjects with positive sexual attitudes (erotophiles) indicated more units in the birth control condition, whereas subjects with negative sexual attitudes (erotophobes) indicated more units in the social values condition. No differences were found in the educational issues (control) condition. These results suggest that there are chronic differences in the segmentation patterns of individuals, reflecting affective orientations toward social information.

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Level of analysis in the perception of ongoing instruction: An exploratory study.

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

A Theoretical Analysis of How Segmentation of Dynamic Visualizations Optimizes Students' Learning

A Theoretical Analysis of How Segmentation of Dynamic Visualizations Optimizes Students' Learning

Exploration of the Detectable Structure of Social Episodes: The Parsing of Interaction Specimens

Approach and avoidance of social information.

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