“…The university learning environment is new, complex and difficult (Arguel et al, 2017;Lodge et al, 2018;Agyekum, 2023;Bernardo et al, 2023), these difficulties can lead to various problems in students, including mental health issues (Yikealo et al, 2018;Mofatteh, 2020;Hernández-Torrano et al, 2020;Campbell et al, 2022). When mental health problems in general and academic stress in particular arise, they can negatively impact students' health, quality of life, and academic performance (Ícaro et al, 2018;Tus, 2020;Barbayannis et al, 2022;Rehman et al, 2023), and is one of the factors leading to intention to leave and drop out of school (Kim, 2021;Abreu Alves et al, 2022;Peng et al, 2023). Many recent reports and studies have found that it is not uncommon for students to choose to drop out of school at some point during their university studies and is common among fifthyear students.…”