Level and Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in the First Stage of the Outbreak in Uganda

Amodan, Bob Omoda; Bulage, Lilian; Katana, Elizabeth; Ario, Alex Riolexus; Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe; Colebunders, Robert; Wanyenze, Rhoda K.

doi:10.3390/ijerph17238810

Cited by 48 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Males more often indicated various reasons for not handwashing, including there is no need to do it, they do not feel like doing it, and they have no time to do it (24). Based on other research, this may be rooted in the suggestion that women are generally more willing to maintain their health when compared with men (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Social Norms as Determinants of Adherence to Public Health Measures Related to COVID-19 in Bali, Indonesia

Indrayathi

Januraga

Pradnyani

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Introduction: Before the widespread availability of an effective COVID-19 vaccine, it is crucial to control the rate of transmission by ensuring adherence to behavioral modifications, such as wearing masks, physical distancing, and washing hands, all of which can be implemented as public health measures. Focusing on the conditions in Bali, this study explored the level of compliance to public health measures targeted at COVID-19 and identified the determinants of compliance via the values, rules, and knowledge approach.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted an online survey using the Google Form application from June 29 to July 5, 2020. The minimum required sample size was 664. Inclusion criteria were set as follows: 18 years of age or older and residing in Bali during the data collection period. Adherence was measured based on nine protocol indicators that were rated using a four-point Likert scale. A multiple linear regression analysis was then conducted to determine the associated factors of adherence to public health measures.Results: Of the 954 survey respondents, data from 743 were included for analysis. The average level of adherence to public health measures was 32.59 (range of 20–36). The linear regression analysis showed that perceived health benefits from public health measures, being female, and having COVID-19 test histories were significantly associated with adherence to public health measures.Conclusions: For public health measures targeted at COVID-19, adherence was strongly associated with perceived social norms, in which individuals played social community roles by adapting to standardized public health measures. It is thus imperative for governments to support and monitor public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Social Norms as Determinants of Adherence to Public Health Measures Related to COVID-19 in Bali, Indonesia

Indrayathi

Januraga

Pradnyani

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Despite the existence of these guidelines and the public health importance of specific preventive measures, there is limited evidence on the extent of compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines [ 16 ]. Some of the previous studies on compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines in Uganda have been among rural market vendors [ 17 ], among the general population in rural and urban areas [ 16 ], and among high risk groups in Kampala [ 18 , 19 ]. In all these previous studies, generally poor compliance with COVID-19 guidelines was reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality, Uganda

et al. 2021

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Background Despite the development and enforcement of preventive guidelines by governments, COVID-19 continues to spread across nations, causing unprecedented economic losses and mortality. Public places remain hotspots for COVID-19 transmission due to large numbers of people present; however preventive measures are poorly enforced. Supermarkets are among the high-risk establishments due to the high interactions involved, which makes compliance with the COVID-19 preventive guidelines of paramount importance. However, until now, there has been limited evidence on compliance with the set COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Therefore, this study aimed to measure compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among selected supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality in September 2020. A total of 229 supermarkets (195 in Kampala City and 34 in Mukono Municipality) were randomly selected for the study. Data were collected through structured observations on the status of compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, and entered using the KoboCollect software, which was preinstalled on mobile devices (smart phones and tablets). Descriptive statistics were generated to measure compliance to the set COVID-19 Ministry of Health prevention guidelines using Stata 14 software. Results Only 16.6% (38/229) of the supermarkets complied with the COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines. In line with the specific measures, almost all supermarkets 95.2% (218/229) had hand washing facilities placed at strategic points such as the entrance, and 59.8% (137/229) of the supermarkets surveyed regularly disinfected commonly touched surfaces. Only 40.6% and 30.6% of the supermarkets enforced mandatory hand washing and use of face masks respectively for all customers accessing the premises. Slightly more than half, 52.4% (120/229) of the supermarkets had someone or a team in charge of enforcing compliance to COVID-19 measures and more than half, 55.5% (127/229) of the supermarkets had not provided their staff with job-specific training/mentorship on infection prevention and control for COVID-19. Less than a third, 26.2% (60/229) of the supermarkets had an infrared temperature gun for screening every customer, and only 5.7% (13/229) of the supermarkets captured details of clients accessing the supermarket as a measure to ease follow-up. Conclusion This study revealed low compliance with COVID-19 guidelines, which required mandatory preventive measures such as face masking, regular disinfection, social distancing, and hand hygiene. This study suggests the need for health authorities to strengthen enforcement of these guidelines, and to sensitise the supermarket managers on COVID-19 in order to increase the uptake of the different measures.

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“…Other mathematical models have explored the potential impact on epidemic trajectories in African countries of i) self-isolation of suspected COVID–19 cases, ii) contact tracing, and iii) “shielding” members of the most at-risk age groups (i.e., elderly people) (20,53,56). Several surveys have documented the prevalence of protective behaviors targeting β , i.e., the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, in African countries (32,33,54,57–59). However, they have seldom investigated whether the scale on which these behaviors are implemented might have changed over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the first wave of the COVID–19 pandemic in Malawi: results from a panel study

Banda

Dube

Brumfield

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Many African countries have experienced a first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between June and August of 2020. According to case counts reported daily by epidemiological surveillance systems, infection rates remained low in most countries. This defied early models of the potential impact of COVID-19 on the continent, that projected large outbreaks and massive strain on health systems. Theories proposed to explain the apparently limited spread of the novel coronavirus in most African countries have emphasized 1) early actions by health authorities (e.g., border closures) and 2) biological or environmental determinants of the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 (e.g., warm weather, cross-immunity). In this paper, we explored additional factors that might contribute to the low recorded burden of COVID-19 in Malawi, a low-income country in Southeastern Africa. To do so, we used 4 rounds of panel data collected among a sample of adults during the first 6 months of the pandemic in the country. Our analyses of survey data on SARS-CoV-2 testing and COVID-related symptoms indicate that the size of the outbreak that occurred in June-August 2020 might be larger than recorded by surveillance systems that rely on RT-PCR testing. Our data also document the widespread adoption of physical distancing and mask use in response to the outbreak, whereas most measured patterns of social contacts remained stable during the course of the panel study. These findings will help better project, and respond to, future waves of the pandemic in Malawi and similar settings.

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Level and Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in the First Stage of the Outbreak in Uganda

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Perceived Social Norms as Determinants of Adherence to Public Health Measures Related to COVID-19 in Bali, Indonesia

Perceived Social Norms as Determinants of Adherence to Public Health Measures Related to COVID-19 in Bali, Indonesia

Extent of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality, Uganda

Controlling the first wave of the COVID–19 pandemic in Malawi: results from a panel study

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