Levantamento soroepidemiológico para arbovírus em macaco-prego-galego (Cebus flavius) de vida livre no estado da Paraíba e em macaco-prego (Cebus libidinosus) de cativeiro do nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Among the primates tested all C. flavius were negative and 46% C. libidinosus presented antibodies to arbovirus. Antibodies were detected for nine arbovirus (9/19). Seventeen heterotypic reactions were observed for at least two Or Flavirus and 15 for Alphavirus, at titers varying between 1:20 to 1:1280. Fifteen samples presented monotypic reaction for ILHV (n=4), MAYV (n=6), SLEV (n=1), ROCV (n=2), OROV (n=1) and MUCV (n=1). These results suggest that there was an intense arbovirus circulation in the studied population of captive capuchin monkeys.

Detection of antibodies against Icoaraci, Ilhéus, and Saint Louis Encephalitis arboviruses during yellow fever monitoring surveillance in non‐human primates (Alouatta caraya) in southern Brazil

“…The virus is widely distributed in the Americas from Canada to Argentina, where human outbreaks were recorded in 2005 and 2010 . The natural SLEV cycle is predominantly bird‐mosquito, but viral antibodies have been found in reptiles, marsupials, rodents, armadillos, horses, and primates . The high antibody prevalence to this virus, as well as its ability to infect many vertebrate hosts, explains its finding in humans in the study areas.…”

“…45 The natural SLEV cycle is predominantly bird-mosquito, but viral antibodies have been found in reptiles, marsupials, rodents, armadillos, horses, and primates. 18,37,41,46,47 The high antibody prevalence to this virus, as well as its ability to infect many vertebrate hosts, explains its finding in humans in the study areas. Similarities in symptoms between the non-neurological disease caused by SLEV and dengue fever, coupled with the limited knowledge on its transmission cycle and the lack of knowledge on its prevalence in much of the country, make it difficult to diagnose infections and human cases of the disease.…”

“…13,14,17,19,20,38 Saint Louis Encephalitis virus antibodies have been historically detected in NHPs in Brazil, including in RS, 16,22,23 Paraná, 39 Bahia, 20 and other states in northeastern Brazil. 18 The virus has been isolated from vectors, birds, humans, and other mammals (including NHPs) in the Amazon region, 40,41 although only one human outbreak is known. It occurred inland in the state of São Paulo in 2006.…”

“…14,22 Finally, long-term studies are essential to increase our understanding on the role of NHPs and other vertebrate hosts in arbovirus circulation and to assess the risk that these viruses pose to NHP conservation and public health. 14,[18][19][20]22,52 Providing these answers depends on addressing several challenges, such as developing more specific diagnostic methods for analyzing blood and serum samples from healthy animals, which will allow assessing whether NHPs or other vertebrates are the best choices for actively monitoring viral presence. Such development would yield better results and conserve resources.…”

“…The Rio Grande do Sul State (RS) Health Department in the extreme south of Brazil followed this regulation and began monitoring YFV and other arboviruses circulating in A caraya and Alouatta guariba clamitans (southern brown howlers) in 2002 . Since then, arbovirus surveillance initiatives in NHPs have been adopted in other Brazilian states, which have indirectly evidenced circulation of SLEV in A caraya , Sapajus nigritus, and Sapajus cay in Paraná in 2004‐2005; Ilhéus virus (ILHV), MAYV, SLEV, Rocio virus (ROCV), Oropouche virus (OROV), and Mucambo virus (MUCV) in Sapajus spp in Alagoas, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, and Rio Grande do Norte in 2008‐2010; Cacipacoré virus (CPCV), MAYV, and OROV in A caraya and Sapajus spp in Mato Grosso do Sul in 2010‐2013; and Bussuquara virus (BSQV), Icoaraci virus (ICOV), ILHV, and SLEV in Leontopithecus chrysomelas in Bahia in 2006‐2014 …”