Levantamento epidemiológico de fatores relacionados com a má oclusão em crianças de 3 a 9 anos de idade no Equador

Abstract

It is very important to recognize the factors related to bad occlusion that occur in a certain population so that the measures Preventive and orthodontic treatments can be carried out. The objective of the present epidemiological study was to obtain representative data on factors related to malocclusions in deciduous and mixed dentition in Ecuador. Those responsible for 400 children, from 3 to 9 years old, in care in School of Dentistry of the Central University of Ecuador were respondents, in terms of personal data, family history and Health. In sequence the children were examined, clinically, extra and intra orally. Functional examination, evaluation of habits and socioeconomic status They were conducted by a single researcher. The data They were tabulated to obtain frequency and percentage tables. The application was applied Chi square test or Fisher's test (p <0.05). A greater number of Children with malocclusion (77%) were found to be children with correct occlusion (p = 0.00001). It cannot be said that there was significant correlation between socioeconomic class and bad occlusion (p = 0.12). A predominance was observed the habit of biting foreign objects and Onychophagia. 33.33% of children with open bite had mouth breathing, however, among children who presented other types of occlusion, 32.47% had mouth breathing. The digital suction 14% of children were found. It is concluded that there is a significant number of malocclusion; there is correlation between occlusal interferences and the presence of a crossbite; Physiological attrition develops as Age advances; there was no significant association between mouth breathing and open bite and socioeconomic status does not interfere with the characteristics of occlusion.