Levamisole stimulates proliferation of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets, gut health and performance in weaned pigs

ValpotićHrvoje,; ŠperandaMarcela,; Kovšca-JanjatovićAna,; ÐidaraMislav,; LackovićGordana,; BožićFrane,; HabrunBoris,; Srečec, Siniša; Mataušić-PišlMirjana,; ValpotićIvica,

doi:10.4141/cjas2013-097

Cited by 6 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Many bioactive substances of either natural (such as the yeast derivatives glucans and mannans, herbaceous and ligneous plant extracts, seaweed extracts, animal products and by-products, i.e. colostrum, lactoferrin and spray-dried plasma) or synthetic origin (such as levamisole and polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene copolymer) have been investigated as alternatives to AGP but only few have been shown to be effective (Gallois et al 2009;Valpotić et al 2013;Valpotić et al 2014). Among these, a variety of polysaccharides from different natural sources, such as yeast derivatives β-glucans and mannans are known to modulate the composition and activity of gut microbiota, stimulate immune functions and improve disease resistance (Šperanda et al 2008;Yin et al 2008).…”

Section: Immunity Gut Microbiota Growth Swinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pigs were weaned at 28 d of age, housed, managed and fed a standard weaner diet (without antimicrobials or growth promoters) according to the rearing technology of the farm. The weaners were randomly divided into two groups comprising 23 animals each and kept in separate pens in the same rearing facility of the farm as detailed earlier (Valpotić et al 2014). The experiment was conducted throughout a period of 35 d.…”

Section: Animals Housing and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The severity of diarrhoea was quantified by using the faecal consistency scoring method of Marquardt et al (1999) as described previously (Valpotić et al 2014).…”

Section: Health Status and Diarrhoea Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For determination of the total number of E. coli cells in 1 ml of the jejunal content (colony forming units; CFU/ml) the samples were diluted in serial dilutions up to 10 10 in saline and each dilution was placed onto selected culturing plates (International Organization for Standardization-ISO 16649-2:2001) (Winn et al 2006) as described earlier by Valpotić et al (2014). The identification and serotyping of isolates for fimbrial antigens of E. coli F4, F5, F6 and F18 were performed as previously detailed (Valpotić et al 2014).…”

Section: Bacteriologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification and serotyping of isolates for fimbrial antigens of E. coli F4, F5, F6 and F18 were performed as previously detailed (Valpotić et al 2014). …”

Section: Bacteriologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on blood and intestinal immune cells, bacteria numbers and performance in weaned pigs

et al. 2016

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In animal production, alternative strategies to the use of antibiotic growth promoters have stimulated research of dietary supplements to increase resistance, reduce post-weaning gut disorders and growth checks in pigs. This study was performed to determine the influence of dietary mannan oligosaccharide as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in weaned pigs on: (1) proliferation of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets, (2) incidence and severity of diarrhoea, and (3) performance during 35 days of trial. Forty-six pigs from a commercial farm were divided into two groups comprising 23 pigs each and treated at 4 weeks of age as follows: controls received standard weaner diet, whereas diet for principals was supplemented with 0.2% of mannan oligosaccharide. The pigs were monitored/sampled on daily, weekly or monthly basis for feed efficiency, growth rate, diarrhoea severity scores, blood samples, rectal swabs and intesinal samples for bacterial isolation/counts and immunohistology/ histomorphometry analyses. The principals were heavier (P < 0.05) at 28 days and grew faster between days 7 and 28 compared to controls. Total diarrhoea score recorded in these pigs was decreased by 20.37%. Total bacterial load in jejunum was decreased in these pigs (23 × 10 7 vs. 19 × 10 8 colony forming units/ml) at day 35. Between days 28 and 35 or days 21 and 28, the principals increased in proportions of circulating CD45 + , CD4 + , CD21 + , CD8 + cells (P < 0.01), respectively. These pigs had increased (P < 0.05) the number of CD45RA + cells in interfollicular and follicular areas of ileal Payer's patches at day 35. We concluded that dietary modulation with mannan oligosaccharide resulted in stimulation of immune responses and reduced number of gut microbiota, but not necessarily promoting the growth of pigs.

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Section: Immunity Gut Microbiota Growth Swinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals Housing and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The severity of diarrhoea was quantified by using the faecal consistency scoring method of Marquardt et al (1999) as described previously (Valpotić et al 2014).…”

Section: Health Status and Diarrhoea Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacteriologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification and serotyping of isolates for fimbrial antigens of E. coli F4, F5, F6 and F18 were performed as previously detailed (Valpotić et al 2014). …”

Section: Bacteriologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on blood and intestinal immune cells, bacteria numbers and performance in weaned pigs

et al. 2016

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Immunomodulating dose of levamisole stimulates innate immune response and prevents intestinal damage in porcine rotavirus diarrhea: a restricted-randomized, single-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Chethan¹,

Garkhal

et al. 2019

Trop Anim Health Prod

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In-feed supplementation of clinoptilolite favourably modulates intestinal and systemic immunity and some production parameters in weaned pigs

Valpotić¹,

Terzić²,

Vince³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The ban on dietary antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in swine production has focused increasing research efforts on the development of alternative feed supplements. One such alternative to AGP is the dietary zeolite clinoptilolite (CPL). The aims of this study were to evaluate, in weaned pigs, the effects of CPL on: (a) growth performance, (b) gut health (reduction of harmful bacteria and, incidence/severity of diarrhoea) and (c) circulating or ileal mucosal subsets of lymphoid immune cells, over the course of five weeks post weaning. The non-treated pigs received standard Phase 1 diet from Day 0 to 21 and Phase 2 diet from Day 22 to 35, whereas both diets of experimental pigs were supplemented with 0.5% CPL. The pigs receiving diet supplemented with CPL had significantly higher average daily gain at Day 28 but significantly lower daily gain at Day 35 of the experiment (P < 0.05). The CPL group exhibited non-significantly improved feed conversion ratio (1.83 vs. 2.17) for the total duration of the experiment (Day 0 to Day 35). Although shedding of haemolytic/enterotoxigenic E. coli was more frequent in the CPL group, the sum of their diarrhoea severity score was 12.96% lower (47 vs 54) than that of the non-treated controls. The proportions of circulating lymphoid cell subsets tested (CD45 + , CD4 + , CD21 + ), were significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) higher in CPL-treated pigs between Day 21 and Day 35 of the experiment. Immunohistology/ morphometry of ileal segments revealed an increased recruitment of CD45RA + cells in interfollicular (P < 0.05),but not in follicular areas of ileal PP of CPL-treated pigs at Day 35. In conclusion, CPL did not improve growth in weaned pigs, and generally it failed to improve their feed conversion efficiency. Further, it did not suppress faecal shedding of enterotoxigenic E. coli; however, it was shown to be effective as an immunomodulatory agent by promoting the recruitment of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets.

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Levamisole stimulates proliferation of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets, gut health and performance in weaned pigs

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on blood and intestinal immune cells, bacteria numbers and performance in weaned pigs

Effect of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on blood and intestinal immune cells, bacteria numbers and performance in weaned pigs

Immunomodulating dose of levamisole stimulates innate immune response and prevents intestinal damage in porcine rotavirus diarrhea: a restricted-randomized, single-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

In-feed supplementation of clinoptilolite favourably modulates intestinal and systemic immunity and some production parameters in weaned pigs

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