Leukemia incidence trends at the global, regional, and national level between 1990 and 2017

Abstract

Background: Leukemias are a group of life-threatening malignant disorders of the blood and bone marrow. The incidence of leukemia varies by pathological types and among different populations. Methods: We retrieved the incidence data for leukemia by sex, age, location, calendar year, and type from the Global Burden of Disease online database. The estimated average percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify the trends of the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of leukemia from 1990 to 2017. Results: Globally, while the number of newly diagnosed leukemia cases increased from 354.5 thousand in 1990 to 518.5 thousand in 2017, the ASIR decreased by 0.43% per year. The number of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases worldwide increased from 49.1 thousand in 1990 to 64.2 thousand in 2017, whereas the ASIR experienced a decrease (EAPC = − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.15, − 0.02). Between 1990 and 2017, there were 55, 29, and 111 countries or territories that experienced a significant increase, remained stable, and experienced a significant decrease in ASIR of ALL, respectively. The case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has increased more than twice between 1990 and 2017. The ASIR of CLL increased by 0.46% per year from 1990 to 2017. More than 85% of all countries saw an increase in ASIR of CLL. In 1990, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounted for 18.0% of the total leukemia cases worldwide. This proportion increased to 23.1% in 2017. The ASIR of AML increased from 1.35/100,000 to 1.54/100,000, with an EAPC of 0.56 (95% CI 0.49, 0.62). A total of 127 countries or territories experienced a significant increase in the ASIR of AML. The number of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases increased from 31.8 thousand in 1990 to 34.2 thousand in 2017. The ASIR of CML decreased from 0.75/100,000 to 0.43/100,000. A total of 141 countries or territories saw a decrease in ASIR of CML. Conclusions: A significant decrease in leukemia incidence was observed between 1990 and 2017. However, in the same period, the incidence rates of AML and CLL significantly increased in most countries, suggesting that both types of leukemia might become a major global public health concern.

A global, regional, and national survey on burden and Quality of Care Index (QCI) of hematologic malignancies; global burden of disease systematic analysis 1990–2017

“…The incidence of hematologic malignancies varies based on subtypes, age, gender, and socioeconomic state. For instance, between 1990 and 2017, a notable decrease in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) incidence was discovered; however, the incidence rate of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has considerably raised in most countries [ 5 ]. The incidence cases of HL increased 38.6% from 1990 to 2017 [ 6 ].…”

“…The incidence cases of HL increased 38.6% from 1990 to 2017 [ 6 ]. Leukemia’s age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was higher in males compared to females [ 5 ]. Moreover, it has been revealed that the incidence of leukemia only has been increasing in people aged ≥ 70 years [ 5 ].…”

“…Leukemia’s age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was higher in males compared to females [ 5 ]. Moreover, it has been revealed that the incidence of leukemia only has been increasing in people aged ≥ 70 years [ 5 ]. In terms of socioeconomic state, the highest incidence of leukemia occurred in the high-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) region [ 5 ].…”

“…Moreover, it has been revealed that the incidence of leukemia only has been increasing in people aged ≥ 70 years [ 5 ]. In terms of socioeconomic state, the highest incidence of leukemia occurred in the high-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) region [ 5 ]. As a result, proper prioritization of resources is crucial to reduce the undesired effects of increasing incidence of HMs.…”

Transferrin-Bound Doxorubicin Enhances Apoptosis and DNA Damage through the Generation of Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Human Leukemia Cells

“…Despite the key achievements obtained with novel biological agents developed during the last decade, leukemia remains an incurable disease [ 1 ]. One of the major challenges related to the treatment of leukemia is the huge diversity of these neoplasms [ 2 , 3 ].…”