Leucosis bovina

Abstract

La leucosis bovina enzoótica, causada por el virus de la leucosis bovina (BLV), es la enfermedad tumoral más frecuente del bovino. Las razas bovinas de leche y de carne son susceptibles a la infección por BLV y al linfosarcoma; sin embargo la enfermedad es más prevalente en rodeos lecheros, principalmente debido a las prácticas de manejo. La patogenicidad del BLV en el bovino está asociada a la genética del animal. La mayoría de los bovinos infectados por el BLV son asintomáticos, por lo que la infección puede pasar desapercibida cuando los índices de infección son relativamente bajos. En ausencia de medidas de control, el virus se disemina lentamente entre los animales del rodeo. El BLV causa importantes pérdidas productivas, no sólo debido a la mortandad de animales con linfosarcoma, sino también por las restricciones al comercio de animales infectados y sus subproductos. Existen distintas alternativas para el control del BLV, adecuadas para distintas situaciones epidemiológicas. Hasta el momento no existe ningún tratamiento o vacuna eficaz para el control de este virus. Cuando la prevalencia de infección es baja, inferior al 10-15% de animales infectados, se recomienda identificar y eliminar la totalidad de los animales infectados. Esta alternativa no se adecúa a rodeos con altas prevalencias de infección, como ocurre con la mayoría de los rodeos lecheros en Argentina. La selección genética de animales resistentes a la diseminación del BLV surge como una estrategia natural para limitar la diseminación de este virus y, por ende, para el control del linfosarcoma asociado.

Risk factors associated with enzootic bovine leukosis in Boyacá and Cundinamarca municipalities, Colombia

“…EBL is the most frequent tumor disease in cattle. Even though a high percentage of animals infected by BLV are asymptomatic, the infection can go unnoticed when the viral load is relatively low ( Gutiérrez et al , 2020 ). Despite this, there are different investigations on EBL worldwide.…”

“…Females were more prevalent than males in the three municipalities sampled, which agrees with Bulla-Castañeda et al (2021) , who also found that gender is a risk factor. On the other hand, the Holstein breed was the most seroprevalent in Ubaté and San Miguel de Sema, while the crossbreeds were more seropositive in Chiquinquirá, and Holstein and Normande individuals were statistically significant in San Miguel de Sema; dairy and beef cattle breeds are susceptible to virus infection; however, the disease is more prevalent in dairy production, mainly due to management practices ( Gutiérrez et al , 2020 ); hence, individuals of the Holstein breed have been considered a risk factor for antibodies against disease presentation.…”

“…Dairy and beef cattle breeds are susceptible to BLV infection; however, the disease is the most prevalent in dairy herds, mainly due to management practices ( Gutiérrez et al , 2020 ). Proximately 70% of animals appear clinically healthy for the first few years’ post-infection, becoming asymptomatic carriers of the virus and developing persistent lymphocytosis ( Benitez et al , 2020 ; Kobayashi et al , 2020 ; Jiménez Sánchez et al , 2022 ).…”

“…Consequently, in the absence of control measures, the virus spreads slowly among the animals in the herd, which is why it is considered necessary to prevent the spread of BLV to reduce economic losses related to cattle infection ( Gutiérrez et al , 2020 ; Cândida Ramalho et al , 2021 ; Wu et al , 2023 ). Until now, there have been few seroprevalences of BLV studies in Colombia ( Corredor-Figueroa et al , 2020 ).…”

Sustainable production strategies to increase the commercialization of tara in Peru

“…The results show that sustainable tara production is possible and can contribute to improved producer profitability and environmental conservation. Gutiérrez, et al (2020), explore the tara market in Peru, with the objective of identifying trends and opportunities for this product. The results indicate that the tara market in Peru is growing steadily, driven by increased demand for processed foods, leather manufacturing and biofuel production.…”