Leucobacter chironomi sp. nov., a chromate-resistant bacterium isolated from a chironomid egg mass

Halpern, Malka; Shakéd, Tamar; Pukall, Rüdiger; Schümann, Peter

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.004663-0

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Species of some of these genera are known for their ability to degrade toxicants, for example, Pseudomonas and Leucobacter (Halpern et al, 2007a(Halpern et al, , 2009aHalpern, 2011). Similar results were obtained when denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis and cloning methods were used, indicating that the egg masses endogenous bacterial community is dominated by bacteria that are related to known detoxifying bacterial species (Senderovich and Halpern, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

The protective role of endogenous bacterial communities in chironomid egg masses and larvae

Senderovich

Halpern

2013

The ISME Journal

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Insects of the family Chironomidae, also known as chironomids, are distributed worldwide in a variety of water habitats. These insects display a wide range of tolerance toward metals and organic pollutions. Bacterial species known for their ability to degrade toxicants were identified from chironomid egg masses, leading to the hypothesis that bacteria may contribute to the survival of chironomids in polluted environments. To gain a better understanding of the bacterial communities that inhabit chironomids, the endogenous bacteria of egg masses and larvae were studied by 454-pyrosequencing. The microbial community of the egg masses was distinct from that of the larval stage, most likely due to the presence of one dominant bacterial Firmicutes taxon, which consisted of 28% of the total sequence reads from the larvae. This taxon may be an insect symbiont. The bacterial communities of both the egg masses and the larvae were found to include operational taxonomic units, which were closely related to species known as toxicant degraders. Furthermore, various bacterial species with the ability to detoxify metals were isolated from egg masses and larvae. Koch-like postulates were applied to demonstrate that chironomid endogenous bacterial species protect the insect from toxic heavy metals. We conclude that chironomids, which are considered pollution tolerant, are inhabited by stable endogenous bacterial communities that have a role in protecting their hosts from toxicants. This phenomenon, in which bacteria enable the continued existence of their host in hostile environments, may not be restricted only to chironomids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

The protective role of endogenous bacterial communities in chironomid egg masses and larvae

Senderovich

Halpern

2013

The ISME Journal

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“…chromiireducens (Morais et al, 2004), L. alluvii, L. luti (Morais et al, 2006), L. chromiireducens subsp. solipictus (Muir & Tan, 2007), L. iarius (Somvanshi et al, 2007), L. tardus (Behrendt et al, 2008) and L. chironomi (Halpern et al, 2009). Strains of Leucobacter have been recovered from a variety of ecological niches, including activated sludge from soil (Lin et al, 2004) and chromiumcontaminated wastewater (Morais et al, 2004(Morais et al, , 2006, river sediments containing chromium (Morais et al, 2006), nematodes (Muir & Tan, 2007;Somvanshi et al, 2007), the potato plant phyllosphere (Behrendt et al, 2008) and chironomid egg masses (Halpern et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Leucobacter salsicius sp. nov., from a salt-fermented food

Yun

Roh

Kim

et al. 2011

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Strain M1-8 T was isolated from jeotgal, a Korean salt-fermented food. Cells were aerobic, nonmotile, Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped. Colonies were cream-coloured and circular with entire margins. Strain M1-8 T exhibited optimal growth at 25-30 6C and pH 7.0-8.0 and in 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain tolerated up to 10.0 mM Cr(VI). Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain M1-8 T represents a novel species in the genus Leucobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of M1-8 T exhibited 98.1 % similarity to that of Leucobacter chromiireducens subsp. chromiireducens L-1 T . The new isolate was clustered with Leucobacter species on a 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic tree. The chromosomal DNA G+C content of strain M1-8 T was 62.8 mol%. Its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, alanine, glycine and c-aminobutyric acid. The major menaquinone was MK-11 and the predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 (63.6 %), anteiso-C 17 : 0 (16.7 %) and iso-C 16 : 0 (14.2 %). The polar lipid profile of strain M1-8 T contained diphosphatidylglycerol and one unknown glycolipid. Significant genotypic and phenotypic differences were found between strain M1-8 T and other Leucobacter species. These differentiating characteristics indicate that strain M1-8 T represents a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter salsicius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1-8 T (5KACC 21127 T 5JCM 16362 T ).

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“…At the time of writing, the genus Leucobacter includes 11 species, namely Leucobacter komagatae (Takeuchi et al, 1996), Leucobacter chromiireducens, Leucobacter aridicollis (Morais et al, 2004), Leucobacter albus (Lin et al, 2004), Leucobacter alluvii, Leucobacter luti (Morais et al, 2006), Leucobacter iarius (Somvanshi et al, 2007), Leucobacter tardus (Behrendt et al, 2008), Leucobacter chironomi (Halpern et al, 2009), Leucobacter aerolatus (Martin et al, 2010) and Leucobacter salsicius (Yun et al, 2011). All species of the genus are characterized by 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as the diagnostic diamino acid in the B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, differences can be observed within the general amino acid composition of the peptidoglycan and the occurrence of c-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has only been found in L. albus, L. komagatae and L. chironomi. Species of the genus Leucobacter have been isolated from diverse environmental habitats, such as soil (Lin et al, 2004), air (Martin et al, 2010), activated sludge from chromium-contaminated wastewater (Morais et al, 2006), chironomid egg masses (Halpern et al, 2009) and nematodes (Somvanshi et al, 2007;Muir & Tan, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Leucobacter chromiiresistens sp. nov., a chromate-resistant strain

Sturm

Jacobs

Spröer

et al. 2011

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A Gram-positive, irregular rod-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, strain JG 31 T ,was isolated in the course of identifying chromium-resistant soil bacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolated bacterium indicated its phylogenetic position within the genus Leucobacter. Binary 16S rRNA gene sequence alignments of the isolated bacterium with the 11 species of the genus recognized at the time of writing revealed sequence similarities of more than 97 % with Leucobacter alluvii (GenBank accession no: AM072820; 99.4 %), Leucobacter iarius (AM040493; 98.2 %), Leucobacter aridicollis (AJ781047; 97.8 %), Leucobacter komagatae (AB007419; 97.4 %), Leucobacter chironomi (EU346911; 97.1 %) and Leucobacter luti (AM072819; 97.1 %). In contrast, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed similarity values below 28 % for DNA samples from the most closely related type strains of L. alluvii, L. aridicollis and L. iarius. Protein analysis by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and automated RiboPrinting using the restriction enzyme PvuII differentiated strain JG 31 T from all type strains of the genus Leucobacter. The dominant fatty acids of the novel isolate were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 , while the quinone system consisted of menaquinones MK-11, MK-10, MK-9 and MK-8. In a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan, the cell-wall amino acids were alanine, glycine, threonine, glutamic acid and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. Strain JG 31 T was able to grow in a medium containing up to 300 mM K 2 CrO 4 and showed cellular aggregation in response to chromate stress. From biochemical and genomic analyses, the new strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter chromiiresistens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain JG 31The genus Leucobacter was described by Takeuchi et al. (1996). At the time of writing, the genus Leucobacter includes 11 species, namely Leucobacter komagatae Strain JG 31 T was isolated during a series of experiments aimed at identifying chromium-resistant bacteria from uncontaminated soil in July 2007. It was the only bacterium that grew with more than 5 mM chromate (K 2 CrO 4 ) in the medium. Further investigation demonstrated a very high chromate tolerance of strain JG 31 T , which is, to the authors' knowledge, the only known bacterium that is capable of growing in medium containing up to 300 mM chromate.Abbreviation: DAB, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JG 31 T is GU390657. Taxonomic classification was performed via 16S rRNA gene amplification using universal bacterial primers (27f and 1525r; Rainey et al., 1992). Purified PCR products were sequenced using additional strain-specific primers (490f: GCGTTGTCCGGAATTATTG; 1041f: CGTGTCGTGAG-ATGTTCG; 1049r: TTTACGAGTGTCCAAAGAG). The assembled sequence was used to determine the phylogenetic position of strain JG 31 T by means of binary sequen...

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Leucobacter chironomi sp. nov., a chromate-resistant bacterium isolated from a chironomid egg mass

Cited by 60 publications

References 18 publications

The protective role of endogenous bacterial communities in chironomid egg masses and larvae

The protective role of endogenous bacterial communities in chironomid egg masses and larvae

Leucobacter salsicius sp. nov., from a salt-fermented food

Leucobacter chromiiresistens sp. nov., a chromate-resistant strain

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