Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibody encephalitis

Mayasi, Yunis; Takhtani, Deepak; Garg, Neeta

doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000051

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Epilepsy and limbic encephalitis are more frequently related to anti-LGI1, while peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorders, like Morvan’s syndrome, are more common in anti-Caspr2-positive cases ( 136 ). Anti-LGI1 patients present a clinical spectrum of confusion, depression, paranoia, behavior disturbances, visual hallucinations, and dementia at onset of the disease ( 137 – 139 ). Two seropositive (one IgG type) anti-Caspr2 were found in a cohort of 310 patients with affective disorders, while in the same study, no anti-LGI1 and anti-DPPX seropositive cases were reported ( 102 ).…”

Section: Evidence Of Nsabs In Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Surface Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Are There Implications for Depression?

et al. 2017

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Autoimmune diseases are affecting around 7.6–9.4% of the general population. A number of central nervous system disorders, including encephalitis and severe psychiatric disorders, have been demonstrated to associate with specific neuronal surface autoantibodies (NSAbs). It has become clear that specific autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface antigens and ion channels could cause severe mental disturbances. A number of studies have focused or are currently investigating the presence of autoantibodies in specific mental conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. However, less is known about other conditions such as depression. Depression is a psychiatric disorder with complex etiology and pathogenesis. The diagnosis criteria of depression are largely based on symptoms but not on the origin of the disease. The question which arises is whether in a subgroup of patients with depression, the symptoms might be caused by autoantibodies targeting membrane-associated antigens. Here, we describe how autoantibodies targeting membrane proteins and ion channels cause pathological effects. We discuss the physiology of these antigens and their role in relation to depression. Finally, we summarize a number of studies detecting NSAbs with a special focus on cohorts that include depression diagnosis and/or show depressive symptoms.

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Section: Evidence Of Nsabs In Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Surface Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Are There Implications for Depression?

et al. 2017

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“…The therapeutic effect in this limbic encephalitis was obtained with immunotherapy (immunoglobulins) and methylprednisolone. Good results of this therapeutic procedure in LGI1 antibodiesassociated conditions have been reported in other studies [4,5,10]. When methylprednisolone and immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis do not bring the desired therapeutic effect, it is recommended to include pharmacotherapy of the second linerituximab or cyclophosphamide [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In a recent multicenter European study Haberlandt et al [8] showed only 10 cases of limbic encephalitis in patients below 18 years of age. Also, two recent case reports describing LGI1-associated limbic encephalitis pertain to adults: the first-a 41-year old female, with confusional state and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormality [9], and, the second -a 62-year old male, with presentation of seizures, multiple mental symptoms and memory loss [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adolescent case of limbic encephalitis with anti leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 antibodies

Janas–Kozik¹,

Krzystanek²,

Cichon³

et al. 2017

Neuropsychiatry

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Background: Limbic encephalitis associated with leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibodies can initially have either neurological or psychiatric manifestation. Subject and methods: The paper describes a case of a 14-year old girl with LGI1 antibodiesassociated limbic encephalitis with initial symptoms suggesting psychotic disturbances. Results: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head was normal and the electroencephalography (EEG) presented low voltage with inter-hemispheric asymmetry and paroxysmal series of delta and theta waves. Blood antibody tests detected the presence of the LGI1 antibodies. Apart from psychotic symptoms, the patient also presented epileptic seizures, instability of the autonomous nervous system, dysphagia and catatonia. Initial treatment with antipsychotics resulted in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Significant improvement of the patient's condition appeared upon the administration of immunoglobulins and methylprednisolone. Conclusions: Diagnosis and treatment of the limbic encephalitis in the young patient may be difficult due to a variety of reasons. A determination of anti-LGI1 antibodies also in adolescents presenting psychotic symptoms may be considered.

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“…In recent years, case reports described heterogeneous psychiatric signs at the onset of the disease such as confusion, depression, paranoia, behavior disturbances, visual hallucinations, and dementia 63–65…”

Section: Anti-lgi1 Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatric institutions: current perspectives

Bost¹,

Pascual²,

Honnorat³

2016

NDT

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Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare and newly described group of diseases involving autoantibodies directed against synaptic and neuronal cell surface antigens. It comprises a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Sensitive and specific diagnostic tests such as cell-based assay are primordial for the detection of neuronal cell surface antibodies in patients’ cerebrospinal fluid or serum and determine the treatment and follow-up of the patients. As neurological symptoms are fairly well described in the literature, this review focuses on the nature of psychiatric symptoms occurring at the onset or during the course of the diseases. In order to help the diagnosis, the main neurological symptoms of the most representative synaptic and neuronal cell surface autoantibodies were detailed. Finally, the exploration of these autoantibodies for almost a decade allowed us to present an overview of autoimmune encephalitis incidence in psychiatric disease and the general guidelines for the management of psychiatric manifestations. For the majority of autoimmune encephalitis, the prognosis depends on the rapidity of the detection, identification, and the management of the disease. Because the presence of pronounced psychiatric symptoms drives patients to psychiatric institutions and can hinder the diagnosis, the aim of this work is to provide clues to help earlier detection by physicians and thus provide better medical care to patients.

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Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibody encephalitis

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Neuronal Surface Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Are There Implications for Depression?

Neuronal Surface Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Are There Implications for Depression?

An adolescent case of limbic encephalitis with anti leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 antibodies

Autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatric institutions: current perspectives

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