Leucine and isoleucine have similar effects on reducing lipid accumulation, improving insulin sensitivity and increasing the browning of WAT in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Ma, Qingquan; Zhou, Xinbo; Hu, Linlin; Chen, Jiayi; Zhu, Jia‐Liang; Shan, Anshan

doi:10.1039/c9fo03084k

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Of note, carotenoids, a type of antioxidant, were previously found to have beneficial effects on obesity and obesity-associated pathologies [ 50 ]. Further, dietary supplementation with Leu or Ile reduced body weight by regulating lipid metabolism-related genes and insulin sensitivity and alleviated hepatic steatosis [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR-99 Supplementation on Body Mass Index, Social Communication, Fine Motor Function, and Gut Microbiome Composition in Individuals with Prader–Willi Syndrome: a Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial

Kong

Liu

Zhuang

et al. 2021

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with developmental delay, obesity, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri, Lact. reuteri) has demonstrated anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects in previous studies. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the effects of Lact. reuteri supplementation on body mass index (BMI), social behaviors, and gut microbiota in individuals with PWS. We conducted a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 71 individuals with PWS aged 6 to 264 months (64.4 ± 51.0 months). Participants were randomly assigned to either receive daily Lact. reuteri LR-99 probiotic (6 × 1010 colony forming units) or a placebo sachet. Groupwise differences were assessed for BMI, ASQ-3, and GARS-3 at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks into treatment. Gut microbiome data was analyzed with the QIIME2 software package, and predictive functional profiling was conducted with PICRUSt-2. We found a significant reduction in BMI for the probiotic group at both 6 weeks and 12 weeks relative to the baseline (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a significant improvement in social communication and interaction, fine motor function, and total ASQ-3 score in the probiotics group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Altered gut microbiota was observed in the probiotic group to favor weight loss and improve gut health. The findings suggest a novel therapeutic potential for Lact. reuteri LR-99 probiotic to modulate BMI, social behaviors, and gut microbiota in Prader–Willi syndrome patients, although further investigation is warranted.Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900022646

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR-99 Supplementation on Body Mass Index, Social Communication, Fine Motor Function, and Gut Microbiome Composition in Individuals with Prader–Willi Syndrome: a Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial

Kong

Liu

Zhuang

et al. 2021

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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“…Citric acid is a significant intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the hub of the metabolic connection of lipids [ 41 ]. Leucine and 3-hydroxybutyric acid affect lipid metabolism and synthesis and intrahepatic mitochondrial lipid metabolism [ 42 , 43 ]. Thus, GXN may ameliorate AD by inhibiting lipid synthesis and reducing lipid peroxidation and neuronal apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Based on accumulating evidence, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is related to hypercholesterolemia, gut microbiota, and host metabolites. GuanXinNing Tablet (GXN) is an oral compound preparation composed of two Chinese herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., both of which exert neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, the effect of GXN on AD is unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether GXN alters cholesterol, amyloid-beta (Aβ), gut microbiota, serum metabolites, oxidative stress, neuronal metabolism activities, and apoptosis in an AD model rabbit fed a 2% cholesterol diet. Our results suggested that the GXN treatment significantly reduced cholesterol levels and Aβ deposition and improved memory and behaviors in AD rabbits. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that GXN ameliorated the changes in the gut microbiota, decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and improved the abundances of Akkermansia and dgA-11_gut_group. 1H-NMR metabolomics found that GXN regulated 12 different serum metabolites, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and glutamate (Glu). In addition, the 1H-MRS examination showed that GXN remarkably increased N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and Glu levels while reducing myo-inositol (mI) and choline (Cho) levels in AD rabbits, consequently enhancing neuronal metabolism activities. Furthermore, GXN significantly inhibited oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that GXN attenuates AD via improving gut microbiota, host metabolites, and neuronal apoptosis.

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“…During early hyperinsulineamic phase (24 weeks) leucine contributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and incomplete oxidation of BCAA and lipid species (Liu, Li et al 2017). Dietary interventions based on leucine, isoleucine or BCAA mixture supplementation did not impede insulin signal transmission and even improvements in glucose tolerance were noticed (Zhang et al 2007;Jiao et al 2016;Ma et al 2020), despite sustained activation of mTORC1/p70 S6K pathway (Macotela et al 2011). Moreover, based on twin-pair study, higher BCAA ingestion was related to attenuated insulin resistance, inflammation, blood pressure and adiposity-related metabolites, independently of genetic and environmental factors (Jennings et al 2016).…”

Section: Bcaa Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Branched chain amino acids—friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity?

Supruniuk

Żebrowska

Chabowski

2021

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and their derivatives are bioactive molecules with pleiotropic functions in the human body. elevated fasting blood BCAA concentrations are considered as a metabolic hallmark of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, since increased BCAA amount is observed both in metabolically healthy and obese subjects, a question whether BCAA are mechanistic drivers of insulin resistance and its morbidities or only markers of metabolic dysregulation, still remains open. The beneficial effects of BCAA on body weight and composition, aerobic capacity, insulin secretion and sensitivity demand high catabolic potential toward amino acids and/or adequate BCAA intake. On the opposite, BCAA-related inhibition of lipogenesis and lipolysis enhancement may preclude impairment in insulin sensitivity. Thereby, the following review addresses various strategies pertaining to the modulation of BCAA catabolism and the possible roles of BCAA in energy homeostasis. we also aim to elucidate mechanisms behind the heterogeneity of ramifications associated with BCAA modulation.

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Leucine and isoleucine have similar effects on reducing lipid accumulation, improving insulin sensitivity and increasing the browning of WAT in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Abstract: Leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile) have similar effects in the management of obesity and related disorders.

Cited by 63 publications

References 50 publications

The Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR-99 Supplementation on Body Mass Index, Social Communication, Fine Motor Function, and Gut Microbiome Composition in Individuals with Prader–Willi Syndrome: a Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial

The Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR-99 Supplementation on Body Mass Index, Social Communication, Fine Motor Function, and Gut Microbiome Composition in Individuals with Prader–Willi Syndrome: a Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial

GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits

Branched chain amino acids—friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity?

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