“…The use of visualizations and graphic information in academic writing has increased, but classifications are problematic (Ariga & Tashiro, 2022). We offer clarity by distinguishing sketchnoting from commonly used visualization techniques, such as infographics, mind maps (DeWaard, 2023a(DeWaard, , 2023b, concept maps, flow charts (Cai & Gu, 2019), and comics (Barry, 2020). Concept maps and mind maps use branching and connecting structures, usually without graphics or iconography, thus differing from the free-form and image-rich formats used by sketchnoters.…”