Letters from S M Burroughs: the birth of a worldwide pharmaceutical enterprise

Goodwin, L. G.; Goodwin, Miki

doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.1-4-320

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Since environmental amoebae are most likely the natural host for L. pneumophila, these data suggest that pore formation and cytotoxicity are not the primary roles of rtxA in bacterial-host-cell interactions. Several other potential roles in pathogenesis have been suggested for RTX proteins from other bacteria, including colonization (Goodwin & Weiss, 1990), immune modulation (Bhakdi et al, 1990 ;Scheffer et al, 1985) and inhibition of superoxide production (Keane et al, 1987). Therefore, closer examination of the role of the L. pneumophila rtxA gene in adherence, entry and intracellular survival are likely to provide a better understanding of its primary role in Legionnaires' disease and may lead to insight into alternate functions of RTX proteins from other bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Legionella pneumophila rtxA gene in amoebae

et al. 2002

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Legionella pneumophila infects humans, causing Legionnaires' disease, from aerosols generated by domestic and environmental water sources. In aquatic environments L. pneumophila is thought to replicate primarily in protozoa. A ' repeats in structural toxin ' (RTX) gene, rtxA, from L. pneumophila was identified recently that plays a role in entry and replication in human macrophages and also has the ability to infect mice. However, the role of this gene in the interaction of L. pneumophila with environmental protozoa and its distribution in different Legionella species has not been examined. Southern analyses demonstrated that rtxA is present in all L. pneumophila isolates tested and correlates with species that have been shown to cause disease in humans. To evaluate the importance of rtxA in the interaction with protozoa a series of studies was carried out in an environmental host for L. pneumophila, Acanthamoeba castellanii. The L. pneumophila rtxA gene plays a role in both adherence and entry into A. castellanii similar to that observed in human monocytic cells. Furthermore, it was found that rtxA is involved in intracellular survival and trafficking. In addition to demonstrating involvement of rtxA in the interaction of L. pneumophila with host cells, these data support a role for this gene both during disease in humans and in environmental reservoirs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Legionella pneumophila rtxA gene in amoebae

et al. 2002

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“…2001;Brewster, P. G. 1953. 134-135;Grugeon, E. 2001. Lanclos, D. M. 2003Marsh, K. 2001;Merill-Mirsky, C. 1986.…”

Section: Performance Jellegű Játékokmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kortárs városi gyermekfolklór. „Elmélet” és „gyakorlat” a budai gyermekek játék- és szöveghasználatában

Tóth¹

2016

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26 Itt szeretném jelezni, hogy -mivel saját kutatásomnak nem része a mai gyermekek játékszereinek vizsgálata -jelen áttekintésben a játékszerekkel kapcsolatos kutatásokban elért eredményekkel csak érintőlegesen foglalkozom. 27 Lázár K. -Niedermüller P. 1990. 536. 28 Ezt láthatjuk igazolva akkor is, ha a gyermekjátékok, gyermeki játékszerek szempontjából tekintjük át például a megyék népművészetét bemutató sorozat köteteit. Egyesekben -például a heves megyei kötetben -a témára egy nagyobb rész alfejezeteként térnek ki. (Császi I. 2005.) Másokban -mint például a hajdú-bihar megyei kötetben -nem is foglalkoznak a gyermekjátékokkal, megint másokban -például a csongrádi, vagy borsod-abaúj-zempléni kötetekben -viszont külön fejezetet szenteltek a témának.

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“…Len and Marie published one paper together (24): it was on the letters that Silas Burroughs wrote to his junior partner, Henry Wellcome, soon after the establishment of their pharmaceutical company.…”

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confidence: 99%

Leonard George Goodwin. 11 July 1915—25 November 2008

Peaker¹,

Ogilvie²

2021

Biogr. Mems Fell. R. Soc.

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For 24 years Leonard George Goodwin was responsible for developing chemotherapeutic agents against parasites at what became the Wellcome Laboratories of Tropical Medicine. Having degrees in pharmacy, physiology and, eventually, clinical medicine, he was active from the start of World War II in the drive to protect Allied forces in the field from tropical diseases. It was in the 1940s, 1950s and into the 1960s that Goodwin had most immediate and lasting impact, through the establishment of five major drugs: sodium stibogluconate, for treatment of leishmaniasis; pyrimethamine, for malaria; piperazine, to combat ascariasis; bephenium, for ankylostomiasis; and phenanthridine derivates, to treat trypanosomiasis. Such agents also became important in veterinary medicine. In 1963 he became director of the new Nuffield Institute of Comparative Medicine and then director of science at the Zoological Society of London. Although Goodwin never worked in higher education, he nonetheless influenced many careers through his involvement with scientific societies.

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Letters from S M Burroughs: the birth of a worldwide pharmaceutical enterprise

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Role of the Legionella pneumophila rtxA gene in amoebae

Role of the Legionella pneumophila rtxA gene in amoebae

Kortárs városi gyermekfolklór. „Elmélet” és „gyakorlat” a budai gyermekek játék- és szöveghasználatában

Leonard George Goodwin. 11 July 1915—25 November 2008

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