Letters designed with behavioural science increase influenza vaccination in Medicare beneficiaries

Yokum, David; Lauffenburger, Julie C.; Ghazinouri, Roya; Choudhry, Niteesh K.

doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0432-2

Cited by 72 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, the current trial finds no support for the effectiveness of adding a reminder letter to an existing vaccination campaign, as there was no difference in uptake for participants who were sent a letter and participants in the no letter control group. This is in contrast to a previous trial that found that simply receiving a letter influenced vaccine uptake rates among the general public although the effect size was small (<1%) 9. The hospital was already using several methods to maximise vaccination rates.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Randomised controlled trial of a theory-based intervention to prompt front-line staff to take up the seasonal influenza vaccine

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of reminder letters informed by social normative theory (a type of ‘nudge theory’) on uptake of seasonal influenza vaccination by front-line hospital staff.DesignIndividually randomised controlled trial.SettingA large acute care hospital in England.ParticipantsFront-line staff employed by the hospital (n=7540) were randomly allocated to one of four reminder types in a factorial design.InterventionsThe standard letter included only general information directing the staff to take up the vaccine. A second letter highlighted a type of social norm based on peer comparisons. A third letter highlighted a type of social norm based on an appeal to authority. A fourth letter included a combination of the social norms.Main outcome measureThe proportion of hospital staff vaccinated on-site.ResultsVaccine coverage was 43% (812/1885) in the standard letter group, 43% (818/1885) in the descriptive norms group, 43% (814/1885) in the injunctive norms group and 43% (812/1885) in the combination group. There were no statistically significant effects of either norm or the interaction. The OR for the descriptive norms factor is 1.01 (0.89–1.15) in the absence of the injunctive norms factor and 1.00 (0.88–1.13) in its presence. The OR for the injunctive norms factor is 1.00 (0.88–1.14) in the absence of the descriptive norms factor and 0.99 (0.87–1.12) in its presence.ConclusionsWe find no evidence that the uptake of the seasonal influenza vaccination is affected by reminders using social norms to motivate uptake.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Randomised controlled trial of a theory-based intervention to prompt front-line staff to take up the seasonal influenza vaccine

et al. 2019

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“…Vaccination has a substantial mitigating effect when effective vaccines are available soon enough after the emergence of a new disease, and when vaccination campaigns cover about 70% of a susceptible population (Yang et al., ). However, despite the known impact of vaccines on the reduction of infections, the rate of vaccination in the population has remained unchanged over the past decade (Yokum, Lauffenburger, Ghazinouri, & Choudhry, ). Social nudges such as peer effects or education on vaccination benefits, and changes in the design of vaccination campaigns, can be deployed to change human behavior toward the increase of influenza vaccination rates (Patel, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand‐Hygiene Mitigation Strategies Against Global Disease Spreading through the Air Transportation Network

et al. 2019

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The risk for a global transmission of flu-type viruses is strengthened by the physical contact between humans and accelerated through individual mobility patterns. The Air Transportation System plays a critical role in such transmissions because it is responsible for fast and long-range human travel, while its building components-the airports-are crowded, confined areas with usually poor hygiene. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) consider hand hygiene as the most efficient and cost-effective way to limit disease propagation. Results from clinical studies reveal the effect of hand washing on individual transmissibility of infectious diseases. However, its potential as a mitigation strategy against the global risk for a pandemic has not been fully explored. Here, we use epidemiological modeling and data-driven simulations to elucidate the role of individual engagement with hand hygiene inside airports in conjunction with human travel on the global spread of epidemics. We find that, by increasing travelers engagement with hand hygiene at all airports, a potential pandemic can be inhibited by 24% to 69%. In addition, we identify 10 airports at the core of a cost-optimal deployment of the hand-washing mitigation strategy. Increasing hand-washing rate at only those 10 influential locations, the risk of a pandemic could potentially drop by up to 37%. Our results provide evidence for the effectiveness of hand hygiene in airports on the global spread of infections that could shape the way public-health policy is implemented with respect to the overall objective of mitigating potential population health crises.

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“…The study designs are divided into 34 cross-sectional studies of which 13 studies were developed by means of a secondary analysis of already existing data [11, 12, 14, 15, 19-21, 28-30, 38, 39, 41] and two cross-sectional studies following a qualitative study design [26,32], four randomized controlled trials [43][44][45][46], two systematic reviews [47,48], two cohort studies [49,50] and two theoretical reviews [51,52].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of participants older than 65 years of study samples ranges from 11% to 100% of all initially included study participants (n= 19.604.711) from across the globe in countries from four continents and in following care settings: Community-dwelling or non-institutionalized citizens [9, 15, 21, 23, 27-31, 33, 36, 39, 42, 48, 50], nursing homes [12,38], combined settings [32,37], outpatient clinics [44], hospitals [18,22], primary care centres/clinics or practices [24,26,43,45], home-based primary care settings [10] and data bases such as the Medicare registry, national vaccine industry or settings of health services/insurance authorities [13,40,46]. In 12 studies, details about the care setting of the participants were not indicated [11,14,16,17,19,20,25,34,35,41,47,49].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of health determinants in the influenza vaccination uptake among older adults (65+): a scope review

Roller‐Wirnsberger

Lindner

Kolosovski

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Although the burden of influenza infection is the highest in older adults, vaccination coverage remains low, despite this age group being more vulnerable than others. Aims: Given the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, it was the aim of this scope review to update knowledge on factors affecting seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among older adults in order to strengthen prevention approaches in the context of an overall burden of infectious diseases.Methods: We searched bibliographic databases from 2012 to 2019. All studies reviewed one or more social determinant of health listed by WHO, or factors affecting the decision-making process whether to accept influenza vaccine or not.Results: Overall, 44 studies were included, 41 determinants were extracted and summarized into six categories. Older age and constitutional factors including multiple chronic diseases as well as preventive lifestyle and frequent routine healthcare utilization positively affected vaccination uptake (VU). Living and working conditions are also researched determinants of influenza vaccine uptake. A small number of studies explored the role of social inclusion and system-based interventions. Discussion and Conclusions: This scope review provides a comprehensive overview on factors affecting seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among older citizens. The review also clearly shows gaps for evidence on system-based level or political strategies to improve vaccination uptake.

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Letters designed with behavioural science increase influenza vaccination in Medicare beneficiaries

Cited by 72 publications

References 22 publications

Randomised controlled trial of a theory-based intervention to prompt front-line staff to take up the seasonal influenza vaccine

Randomised controlled trial of a theory-based intervention to prompt front-line staff to take up the seasonal influenza vaccine

Hand‐Hygiene Mitigation Strategies Against Global Disease Spreading through the Air Transportation Network

The role of health determinants in the influenza vaccination uptake among older adults (65+): a scope review

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