Letter response to the brain after COVID-19: Compensatory neurogenesis or persistent neuroinflammation?

Lu, Yiping; Li, Xuanxuan; Geng, Daoying; N, Mei; Wu, Pu; Huang, Chu-Chung; Jia, Tianye; Zhao, Yajing; Wang, Dongdong; Xiao, Anling; Yin, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100687

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, we found a significant reduction of the breathing dimension in COVID-19 ARDS patients. Preliminary studies reported impaired pulmonary function tests in COVID-19 survivors, mostly in Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity [ 34 , 45 ]. Moreover, persistent weakness of the respiratory muscles and lung imaging abnormalities were reported mostly in the early post-hospital discharge phase [ 46 ] and our data on follow-up CT scans confirmed these results (see Supplement Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life of COVID-19 critically ill survivors after ICU discharge: 90 days follow-up

et al. 2021

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Purpose The onset of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic in Italy induced a dramatic increase in the need for intensive care unit (ICU) beds for a large proportion of patients affected by COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of the present study was to describe the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 90 days after ICU discharge in a cohort of COVID-19 patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation and to compare it with an age and sex-matched sample from the general Italian and Finnish populations. Moreover, the possible associations between clinical, demographic, social factors, and HRQoL were investigated. Methods COVID-19 ARDS survivors from 16 participating ICUs were followed up until 90 days after ICU discharge and the HRQoL was evaluated with the 15D instrument. A parallel cohort of age and sex-matched Italian population from the same geographic areas was interviewed and a third group of matched Finnish population was extracted from the Finnish 2011 National Health survey. A linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate potential associations between the evaluated factors and HRQoL. Results 205 patients answered to the questionnaire. HRQoL of the COVID-19 ARDS patients was significantly lower than the matched populations in both physical and mental dimensions. Age, sex, number of comorbidities, ARDS class, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and occupational status were found to be significant determinants of the 90 days HRQoL. Clinical severity at ICU admission was poorly correlated to HRQoL. Conclusion COVID-19-related ARDS survivors at 90 days after ICU discharge present a significant reduction both on physical and psychological dimensions of HRQoL measured with the 15D instrument. Trial Registration: NCT04411459. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11136-021-02865-7.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life of COVID-19 critically ill survivors after ICU discharge: 90 days follow-up

et al. 2021

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“…An outpatient study in the USA reported that among individuals who tested positive for the virus, 94% reported experiencing one or more symptoms at the time of testing, and 35% of these symptomatic patients had not returned to their baseline state of health two to three weeks later, with cough, fatigue, or shortness of breath being the most common lingering symptoms [ 127 ]. A 3-month follow-up study of COVID-19 survivors, who notably did not experience a severe course of the illness, noted that 39 out of 55 patients had different degrees of pulmonary radiological abnormalities [ 128 ]. A French study noted that many patients after experiencing mild symptoms attributable to COVID-19 have a resurgence of persistent symptoms, including myalgia, intense fatigue, sensation of fever, shortness of breath, chest tightness, tachycardia, headaches, and anxiety [ 129 ].…”

Section: Acute Endotheliitis and Pan-organ Involvement In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and Psychological Factors Determining Neuropsychiatric Outcomes in COVID-19

Tizenberg

Brenner

Lowry

et al. 2021

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Purpose of Review We present biological and psychological factors implicated in psychiatric manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, as well as its neuroinvasive capability and immune pathophysiology. Recent Findings Preexisting mental illness leads to worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19. The presence of the virus was reported in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue post-mortem. Most common psychiatric manifestations include delirium, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. “Long-COVID” non-syndromal presentations include “brain-fogginess,” autonomic instability, fatigue, and insomnia. Summary SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger prior vulnerabilities based on the priming of microglia and other cells, induced or perpetuated by aging and mental and physical illnesses. COVID-19 could further induce priming of neuroimmunological substrates leading to exacerbated immune response and autoimmunity targeting structures in the central nervous system (CNS), in response to minor immune activating environmental exposures, including stress, minor infections, allergens, pollutants, and traumatic brain injury.

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“…Усього залишкові симптоми мали близько 2/3 пацієнтів. Найбільш часто реєстрованими симптомами під час і після COVID-19 були задишка й стомлюваність [63][64][65][66]. До типових симптомів також належать болі в м'язах і суглобах, втрата смаку й нюху [67,68].…”

Section: лонг-ковід і постковідunclassified

1

Дзяк¹,

Tsurkalenko²,

Chekha³

et al. 2021

INJ

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Coronavirus infection is a systemic pathology resulting in impairment of the nervous system. The involvement of the central nervous system in COVID-19 is diverse by clinical manifestations and main mechanisms. The mechanisms of interrelations between SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system include a direct virus-induced lesion of the central nervous system, inflammatory-mediated impairment, thrombus burden, and impairment caused by hypoxia and homeostasis. Due to the multi-factor mechanisms (viral, immune, hypoxic, hypercoagulation), the SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a wide range of neurological disorders involving both the central and peripheral nervous system and end organs. Dizziness, headache, altered level of consciousness, acute cerebrovascular diseases, hypogeusia, hyposmia, peripheral neuropathies, sleep disorders, delirium, neuralgia, myalgia are the most common signs. The structural and functional changes in various organs and systems and many neurological symptoms are determined to persist after COVID-19. Regardless of the numerous clinical reports about the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 as before it is difficult to determine if they are associated with the direct or indirect impact of viral infection or they are secondary to hypoxia, sepsis, cytokine reaction, and multiple organ failure. Penetrated the brain, COVID-19 can impact the other organs and systems and the body in general. Given the mechanisms of impairment, the survivors after COVID-19 with the infection penetrated the brain are more susceptible to more serious diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, cognitive decline, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Given the multi-factor pathogenesis of COVID-19 resulting in long-term persistence of the clinical symptoms due to impaired neuroplasticity and neurogenesis followed by cholinergic deficiency, the usage of Neuroxon® 1000 mg a day with twice-day dosing for 30 days. Also, a long-term follow-up and control over the COVID-19 patients are recommended for the prophylaxis, timely determination, and correction of long-term complications.

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Letter response to the brain after COVID-19: Compensatory neurogenesis or persistent neuroinflammation?

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Quality of life of COVID-19 critically ill survivors after ICU discharge: 90 days follow-up

Quality of life of COVID-19 critically ill survivors after ICU discharge: 90 days follow-up

Biological and Psychological Factors Determining Neuropsychiatric Outcomes in COVID-19

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