Letter Regarding

Chen, Dawei; Hu, Wan-Kun; Yu, Baoqing

doi:10.1177/1071100716667504

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…6 Natural products and their derivatives exert notable immunomodulatory effects by stimulating certain components of the immune system, thereby demonstrating their great potential for serving as immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, and cardiovascular and neurological protective pharmaceuticals. 7 Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a typical member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Eastern Asia. 8 All parts of M. charantia are bitter due to bitter components, such as momordicoside K, momordicoside L, momordicine I, and momordicine II (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects and associated mechanisms of Momordica charantia and its phytochemicals

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects and associated mechanisms of Momordica charantia and its phytochemicals

et al. 2022

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Defining reference values for the normal tibiofibular syndesmosis in adults using weight-bearing CT

Patel

Malhotra

Cullen

et al. 2019

The Bone & Joint Journal

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Aims Cone beam CT allows cross-sectional imaging of the tibiofibular syndesmosis while the patient bears weight. This may facilitate more accurate and reliable investigation of injuries to, and reconstruction of, the syndesmosis but normal ranges of measurements are required first. The purpose of this study was to establish: 1) the normal reference measurements of the syndesmosis; 2) if side-to-side variations exist in syndesmotic anatomy; 3) if age affects syndesmotic anatomy; and 4) if the syndesmotic anatomy differs between male and female patients in weight-bearing cone beam CT views. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 50 male and 50 female patients (200 feet) aged 18 years or more, who underwent bilateral, simultaneous imaging of their lower legs while standing in an upright, weight-bearing position in a pedCAT machine between June 2013 and July 2017. At the time of imaging, the mean age of male patients was 47.1 years (18 to 72) and the mean age of female patients was 57.8 years (18 to 83). We employed a previously described technique to obtain six lengths and one angle, as well as calculating three further measurements, to provide information on the relationship between the fibula and tibia with respect to translation and rotation. Results The upper limit of lateral translation in un-injured patients was 5.27 mm, so values higher than this may be indicative of syndesmotic injury. Anteroposterior translation lay within the ranges 0.31 mm to 2.59 mm, and -1.48 mm to 3.44 mm, respectively. There was no difference between right and left legs. Increasing age was associated with a reduction in lateral translation. The fibulae of men were significantly more laterally translated but data were inconsistent for rotation and anteroposterior translation. Conclusion We have established normal ranges for measurements in cross-sectional syndesmotic anatomy during weight-bearing and also established that no differences exist between right and left legs in patients without syndesmotic injury. Age and gender do, however, affect the anatomy of the syndesmosis, which should be taken into account at time of assessment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:348–352.

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Letter Regarding

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Immunomodulatory effects and associated mechanisms of Momordica charantia and its phytochemicals

Immunomodulatory effects and associated mechanisms of Momordica charantia and its phytochemicals

Defining reference values for the normal tibiofibular syndesmosis in adults using weight-bearing CT

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