“…In contrast, binary operation is a unique aspect of logic gates; as a result, a general consensus regarding binary operation is observed in all the proposed logic gates. Many integrated photonic devices have been studied to act as all-optical gates, such as the Mach-Zehnder interferometer [11], micro-ring resonator [12], single-mode waveguide [13], optical fiber [14], slot waveguides [15], semiconductor optical amplifier [16], directional coupler [17], photonic crystal structures [18][19][20], and multimode interference (MMI) coupler [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Scientists have been interested in finding a system to control an input by other means that can complete an OOK system without restriction.…”