Lethal levels of pH for brook trout, <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> (Mitchill)

Daye, P. G.; Garside, E. T.

doi:10.1139/z75-077

Cited by 51 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results of the stocking experiment show that the water of Lake Laiozza is acutely toxic to brown trout, irrespective of the age of the brown trout stocked. Bearing in mind that a pH of 5.4 is considered as being not toxic to fish (Daye and Garside, 1975) and that brown trout have been found living in the chronically acid Tovdal river with a similarly ion deprived water as found in Lake Laiozza (Muniz and Lei-vestad, 1980 a), it seems unlikely that the low pH in combination with the ion deprived water of Lake Laiozza induced the observed toxicity. The symptoms of intoxication observed, the low plasma electrolyte concentrations measured, as weIl as the histopathological changes seen in the gills of the fish of the stocking experiment resembled the symptoms described for fish acutely intoxicated with high concentrations of aluminium (Dietrich, 1988, Dietrich and Schlatter, 1989, Fivelstad and Leivestad, 1984, Skogheim and Rosseland, 1986 b) so closely, that aluminium and not unspecific stress reactions resulting from the transport, seemed most likely to be the factor responsible for the lethai effects.…”

Section: Mortality and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low levels of aluminium causing death of brown trout (salmo trutta fario, L.) in a Swiss alpine lake

Dietrich

Schlatter

1989

Aquatic Science

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Several attempts to stock fish in acidified alpine lakes have so far proven unsuccessful. In an effort to investigate the problems associated with the stocking of fish, the Swiss alpine Lake Laiozza was chosen for experimentation. An analysis of Lake Laiozza water revealed low ion concentrations (0.5 mg Ca/L, 0.13 mg Na/L, 0.02mg Cl/L), moderate aluminium concentrations (121 ± 28 f.Lg Al/L), and a moderately low pH (5.41 ± 0.21). As in common practice, one and two year old brown trout were exposed in a closed keep-net in Lake Laiozza. The water of Lake Laiozza proved to be acutely toxic to the fish. Mucous clogging of the gills, gill epithelial damage, plasma electrolyte losses, and high hematocrits were the predominant symptoms observed. All symptoms observed are typieal for an acute intoxication with aluminium. This stands in contrast to the generally accepted view that aluminium concentrations lower than 200 f.Lg Al! L should not be toxie to brown trout at a pH 5.4. The low Na and Cl and low Ca concentrations in the Lake Laiozza water seem to have rendered the fish much more susceptible to aluminium intoxieation.

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Section: Mortality and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low levels of aluminium causing death of brown trout (salmo trutta fario, L.) in a Swiss alpine lake

Dietrich

Schlatter

1989

Aquatic Science

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“…Since it has been demonstrated that mucus production can be influenced by the presence of harmful environmental factors such as stress and pollution (Christie & Battle 1963, Jakowska 1963, Eisler 1974, Daye & Garside 1975, 1976, Pickering & Macey 1977, Zuchelkowski et al 1981, we also recorded the structure and number of epidermal mucous cells. Additionally, we looked for proliferations of the gill tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations on the toxicity of ammonia: effects on ventilation frequency, growth, epidermal mucous cells, and gill structure of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Lang¹,

Peters²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 1987

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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ABSTRACT. Juvenile rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Rich. were experimentally exposed to 0.25 mg I-' of NH3 for 4 wk. This concentration lies between those causing acutely lethal and sublethal effects. At first, significant effects from the ammonia were recorded: greatly increased ventilation frequency, reduced food intake and an associated decrease in weight gain. Subsequently, the fish adapted considerably to the toxicant. Ventilation frequency decreased, although it remained above that of controls. Food was taken up completely and there was only a minor difference in growth between exposed trout and unexposed controls. No change from exposure to the pollutant could be detected in the number of mucous cells in the epidermis. Examination of the gill structure at the end of the expenment revealed only a slight, but significant, tissue proliferation. Unexpectedly, the comparatively high ammonia concentration produced few chronic effects. Nevertheless, results indicate that the wellbeing of the experimental fish was disturbed.

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“…In many cases the impact of acidification cannot be ascribed to pH decrease alone. Brooktrout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchell), for instance, seem to suffer mainly from toxic aluminium concentrations mobilized by increasing acidification, as they are able to tolerate substantial additions of sulphuric acid (Daye and Garside, 1975). It is also known that heavy metals are more toxic to algae at low pH (Voigt, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of acidification and eutrophication on macrophyte communities in soft waters in The Netherlands I. Field observations

Roelofs¹

1983

Aquatic Botany

247

135

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Roelofs, J.G.M., 1983. Impact of acidification and eutrophication on macrophyte communities in soft waters in The Netherlands. I. Field observations. Aquat. Bot., 17: 139--155.During the last decades a strong decline has been noticed in the number of waters dominated by "LittoreUion" species, mostly isoetids such as Lobelia dortmanna L., Isoetes laeustris L. and LittoreUa uniflora (L.) Aschers. Sixty-eight waters, which were known to be dominated by L. uniflora after 1950 were investigated. In 1980, L. uniflora appeared to be absent or to have strongly decreased in 53 (78%) of the waters. In 41 of them, Littorella had been replaced by submerged Juncus bulbosus L. and/or Sphagnum spp. These changes seem to have been caused by changed inorganic carbon budgets as a consequence of acidification.In the remaining 12 waters, eutrophication of the water and/or sediment seems to be responsible for the changes in the plant communities. Enrichment with phosphate of the mineral sediment alone, leads to luxurious growth of submerged, rooted macrophyte species such as Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC and Ranunculus peltatus Schrank, whereas phosphate-enrichment of both sediment and water leads to luxurious growth of pleustophytes such as Riccia fluitans L. and Lemna minor L. in small, shallow waters, and to plankton bloom and luxurious growth of epiphytes in larger, deeper waters.In these cases light limitation seems to be responsible for the disappearance or decline of the "Littorellion" species.

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Lethal levels of pH for brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)

Cited by 51 publications

References 9 publications

Low levels of aluminium causing death of brown trout (salmo trutta fario, L.) in a Swiss alpine lake

Low levels of aluminium causing death of brown trout (salmo trutta fario, L.) in a Swiss alpine lake

Experimental investigations on the toxicity of ammonia: effects on ventilation frequency, growth, epidermal mucous cells, and gill structure of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Impact of acidification and eutrophication on macrophyte communities in soft waters in The Netherlands I. Field observations

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