Lethal effect of butylated hydroxyanisole as related to bacterial fatty acid composition

Abstract

Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fragi, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella "anatum" were challenged with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Susceptibility was measured as the concentration of BHA required to cause a 90% reduction in bacterial survivors. Staphylococcus aureus LP and P. fragi were two of the most resistant species examined; C. perfringens and P. fluorescens were the most susceptible. Gram stain reaction was found not to be a strict indicator of bacterial susceptibility to BHA. There was no obvious relationship between individual fatty acids and susceptibility. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the total lipid fraction of only the gram-positive species was related to susceptibility. The ratios of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids of other fractions were not related to susceptibility.

In vitro activity of propyl gallate-azole drug combination against fluconazole- and itraconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains

“…The PG‐induced increase in triazole antifungal activity, also observed with other imidazole drugs (Strippoli et al . 2000), suggests that one of the mechanisms of PG action might be an interaction with the membrane phospholipids, thus affecting molecular organization and favouring azole penetration into the membrane layer (Post and Davidson 1986). Furthermore, mitochondria are the critical targets for PG, and the toxicity of PG is related to inhibition of ATP‐synthesis with a PG concentration‐dependent mechanism (Nakagawa et al .…”

TEMPERATURE INDUCED SHIFTS IN THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS WRRC B1241

“…Monounsaturated fatty acids were the predominate species at 19 or 12C and synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids was highest at 12C. Post and Davidson (1986) reported that the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids of several pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, including S. aureus, did not account for the differences in susceptibility to butylated hydroxyanisole @HA) susceptibility among the test organisms. Different substrates were used for the organisms tested, however, and the cultures were incubated at temperatures ranging from 26 to 37C.…”