Lethal Co-infection of Rotavirus and E. coli O157:H7 in Mediterranean Buffalo Calves

Abstract

In this paper, we reported lethal episodes in buffalo calves, due to rotavirus and concurrent infection with E. coli O157:H7, in a closed community in Italy. A first detection of group A rotavirus infection was made by using an immunochromatographic assay, the virus isolation was performed on Monkey kidney cells (MA-104), and the rotavirus isolates were G and P characterized by a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay using a nested multiplex method. Co-infection with E. coli strains was demonstrated by classical bacteriological procedures. The E. coli isolates were analysed by Vero cell assay and PCR. This study showed the presence of group A rotavirus of G6-P5 serotypes and verocytotoxin producing or non-producing E. coli O157:H7 in faecal samples. So far the concomitant presence of rotavirus and E. coli O157:H7 in cases of enteritis in Bubalus bubalis in Italy is not reported in the literature, as well as the mortality of buffalo calves probably due at an additional virulence factor, Shiga toxin 1 (stx1) gene, of the E. coli O157:H7 strains.

Otitis Externa in Dogs: Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus Spp. Isolates

“…in OE cases and have reported isolation rates between 36% and 60.3% (7,15). The current study had 36 (36%) dog OE isolates positive for Staphylococcus spp., similar to other reports (7,9,18,19,20).…”

“…Canine isolates previously identified as S. intermedius are currently referred to as S. pseudintermedius unless proven otherwise by genomic studies. S. intermedius isolation rates were reported between 13.6% and 73.9% in various studies (19,20,22,23). In the current study, S. pseudintermedius was detected in 41.6% of the isolates.…”

“…In this study, S. epidermidis was detected in 11.1%, S. hyicus and S. chromogenes in 5.5% of the samples, similar to other reports. However, De Martino et al (20) reported S. epidermidis 0.7%, S. hyicus 2.1%, and S. chromogenes 28% in 143 samples. In another study conducted in our country, it was reported that CNS was detected in higher numbers than CPS (9).…”

“…Amikacin and gentamicin aminoglycosides have been suggested for topical application in OE caused by Gram-positive bacteria (20). The authors demonstrated that the gentamicin resistance ranged from 3% to 84.1% (16,19,23,28).…”

“…The number of studies related to the lincosamide group, including lincomycin and clindamycin, is more limited. (20) reported that 90.9% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and MDR was detected in 36.4%. In the same study, it was noted that a single S. haemolyticus isolate was resistant to all tested antimicrobials.…”