Lethal and sublethal exposure of Hemichromis bimaculatus (Gill, 1862) to malachite green and possible implications for ornamental fish

Souza, Augusto César Paes de; Melo, Karina Motta; Azevedo, Luana França Calandrini de; Almada-Vilhena, Andryo Orfi; Nagamachi, Cleusa Yoshiko; Pieczarka, Júlio César

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09615-1

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Studies about effects of MG on living organisms are scarce, however research has reported genotoxic effects on fish ( Hemichromis bimaculatus ) 42 ; in female mice (B6C3F1 lineage) traces of lymphocytic genotoxicity were not reported, however this compound causes transplantation in liver cells, characterizing a carcinogenic potential, probably due its metabolization. 43 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw

de Almada Vilhena,

Lima,

de Azevedo

et al. 2023

Toxicology Research

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Malachite green (MG) is a synthetic dye that uses ranges from its application as a tissue dye to that as an antiparasitic in aquaculture. Several studies have reported the presence of this compound in food dyes and in the meat of fish raised in captivity for human consumption, suggesting risks both for the end user and for as those who handle these products because of MG toxic properties described in the literature. Here we evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles of MG in four different cell lines (ACP02, L929, MNP01, and MRC-5). Two of these cell lines are stomach cells (normal and cancer lineages) and the potential ingestion of MG makes this a relevant cell type. Cells were treated with MG at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 100 μM, and tested by MTT assay, a differential apoptosis/necrosis assay (EB/OA), the micronucleus test (MN), and the comet assay. MG exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity toward all of the tested cell types; higher concentrations of MG cause cell necrosis, while lower concentrations induce apoptosis. MG has a genotoxic profile increasing the rates of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, and DNA fragmentation; L929 and MRC-5 showed more sensibility than ACP02 and MNP01. HighlightsMalachite green (MG) exhibits a dose-dependent toxic pattern in vitro.High concentrations of MG cause apoptosis and necrosis in vitro.MG has genotoxic potential, inducing DNA breaks/fragmentation.MG must be handled with extreme prudence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw

de Almada Vilhena,

Lima,

de Azevedo

et al. 2023

Toxicology Research

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Section: Environmental Impacts and Sources Of Dye Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 12, the major sources of dye effluents are the textile industries, and dye runoffs from these sources are challenging because they constitute poisonous, neurotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic chemical products that inhibit sunlight from permeating the water, obstruct photosynthesis, and increase BOD, inhibiting the ontogenesis of photoautotrophic organisms and thus endangering the ecosystem as shown in Figure 13 and Table 1. [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] As shown in Figure 4, textile industries generate a high percentage of dye effluents among the major industries that use dyes in one way or the other. Over 70 million ounces of dye per day are used by the textile industries with a larger percentage of the resulting effluent being discharged to the water bodies without adequate treatment.…”

Section: Environmental Impacts and Sources Of Dye Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytogenically bioengineered metal nanoarchitecture for degradation of refractory dye water pollutants: A pragmatic minireview

Emmanuel

Adesibikan

Saliu

2022

Applied Organom Chemis

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The present scenario of water insecurity (poor availability and accessibility to clean and healthy water when needed) denotes the preponderance of environmental damage caused by effluents or waste runoff from industries, such as the dye and textile industries. The polluted waters have led to terrible and sonorous negative impacts on the ecosystem and econetworking, thus, urging for a sustainably suitable substitute to tackle and annul the noxious environmental constraint posse by the hazardous dye effluent. Several chemical and physical methods for treating dye effluent are now in use, but they are time‐consuming, expensive, and inefficient. Interestingly, nanoparticles have egressed as a superior answer for efficient dye removal and degradation, because of their chemical reactivity and exceptional surface characteristics. As a result, the use of metal nanomaterials in the treatment of dye runoffs has been thoroughly investigated. The study used major scientific databases such as SciFinder, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to conduct a comprehensive review of publicly available literature. Degradation, dye effluent, green metal nanoparticles, and water pollution were the keywords used to find scholarly papers. Efforts were made to figure out and explain the mechanism of dye effluent degradation, how long the degradation will take and how effective the use of plant biosynthesized metal nanoparticles for dye removal is. In addition, the role of bimetallic nanoparticles has also been investigated with remarkable feat from literature. The current level of knowledge about the mechanism and the use of plant biogenic metal nanoparticles in common dye effluent treatment is summarized in this paper.

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“…Meanwhile, MG has been widely used in the process of aquaculture as a fungicide, disinfectant, and parasiticide since 1933 [ 6 ]. However, MG is clearly listed as a prohibited veterinary drug by most countries [ 7 ], including the United States, Canada, and the European Union, because of its potential carcinogenic [ 8 ], genotoxic [ 9 ], teratogenic properties [ 10 ], respiratory toxicity [ 11 ], in addition to other various side effects toward humans and animals [ 12 ]. Nevertheless, MG has been illegally used due to its low cost, availability, high efficacy against hard-to-control parasites and fungal diseases, and lack of proper supervision [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence detection of malachite green in fish based on aptamer and SYBR Green I

Wang¹,

Hong²,

Lin³

et al. 2022

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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A simple fluorescence method to quantitatively monitor malachite green (MG) was introduced based on the conformation switch effect of MG-aptamer (Apt) and the fluorochrome of SYBR Green I (SGI). SGI can embed in the stem-loop structure of Apt to produce fluorescence. However, the fluorescence will be quenched when MG is introduced because of the specific binding of Apt to MG. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescence method displayed excellent linear relationship between the fluorescence quenching efficiencies and the MG concentrations ranging from 0.02 μmol L −1 to 1.0 μmol L −1 . The detection limit of the method was 0.67 μg kg −1 (3 α / κ , n = 9) which is lower than the limit (1 μg kg −1 ) specified in the national standard of China (GB/T 19857–2005) and the limit (2 μg kg −1 ) specified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2016). Excellent recoveries between 87.1% and 106.9% tested by spiking standards were achieved with RSD less than 6.4%. The data were confirmed by the method of HPLC, and the results proved that the established fluorescence method could be used for the rapid detection of MG in fish with high accuracy and sensitivity.

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Lethal and sublethal exposure of Hemichromis bimaculatus (Gill, 1862) to malachite green and possible implications for ornamental fish

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw

The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw

Phytogenically bioengineered metal nanoarchitecture for degradation of refractory dye water pollutants: A pragmatic minireview

Fluorescence detection of malachite green in fish based on aptamer and SYBR Green I

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