“Let the business cycle!” A spatial multilevel analysis of cycling to work

Vanoutrive, Thomas; Malderen, Laurent Van; Jourquin, Bart; Thomas, Isabelle; Verhetsel, Ann; Witlox, Frank

doi:10.4000/belgeo.8763

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…trip chaining caused by dropping-off children; Dickinson et al 2003). Moreover, investments in cycling infrastructure are less costly and thus more abundant in the less bicycle-friendly urban fringe (Vanoutrive et al 2009). Finally, the carpool, public transport and information measures are maybe too 'soft' to change the modal choice of an employee (non-significant estimate).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace travel plans: can they be evaluated effectively by experts?

Vanoutrive

2014

Transportation Planning and Technology

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Employers are regularly involved in transport planning and characteristic workplaceoriented tools include: (1) travel plans for building projects, (2) mandatory travel plans, (3) subsidies to employers with an advanced travel plan and (4) best travel plan awards. In all cases, experts judge the level of car use. We argue that decision-makers might benefit from a multiple regression-based benchmark modelling tool that estimates the expected share of the car. In this paper, we estimate the share of car users in the commuting modal split at workplaces. However, since the amount of information available to experts differs, we gradually add information to the model to measure the impact of data availability. Without historic data on modal split, the current share can only be predicted moderately well, i.e. within a 20% range. Besides adding the past, results improve by using homogenous and regional subsamples. Nevertheless, quantitative analyses do not make expert knowledge obsolete.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace travel plans: can they be evaluated effectively by experts?

Vanoutrive

2014

Transportation Planning and Technology

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“…In total, 1 342 119 employees commute to the sites covered by this questionnaire, which is nearly one third of the total number of employed people in Belgium. The main advantages of the dataset are its mandatory character (in terms of data coverage) and the focus on the workplace level, while the main disadvantages are the lack of data on company cars, small enterprises and individual commuter characteristics Vanoutrive et al, 2009). Regarding the quality of the data, it is important to note that the questionnaire needs to be discussed with the employee representatives in the works council.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rail Commuting to Workplaces in Belgium: A Multilevel Approach

Vanoutrive

Malderen

Jourquin

et al. 2012

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

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“…Multilevel models can be applied to reveal how relationships between variables vary across geographical areas and other examples of "local statistics" are geographically weighted regression (Brunsdon et al, 1998) and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (Anselin, 1995), as applied in e.g. Vanoutrive et al (2009Vanoutrive et al ( , 2012b. Also in transport studies there is a growing interest for irregularities (Marsden and Docherty, 2012) and indeed, while conducting the survey reported in Section 3 we find out that travel behaviour is not that stable and regular.…”

Section: Scale and The Workplace As Level Of Analysis In Transport Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most well-known examples of multilevel studies are found in educational science, where pupils are nested in classes, which are, on their turn, nested in schools (Goldstein, 1995 ;Hox, 2002). Nowadays, multilevel modelling is applied in a wide range of research disciplines like epidemiology (Merlo et al, 2009), political science (Johnston et al, 2007) and transport research (Schwanen et al, 2004 ;Vanoutrive et al, 2009 ; 2012a). Most multilevel scholars refer to the ecological and atomistic fallacies to motivate their choice for this technique (Duncan et al, 1998 ;Langford et al, 1998 ;Subramanian et al, 2001 ;Mohan et al, 2005 ; French and Jones, 2006).…”

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Scale and the workplace as level of analysis in transport geography

Vanoutrive¹

2012

belgeo

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Echelle et lieu de travail en tant que niveau d'analyse en géographie des transportsThomas Vanoutrive Introduction 1According to Frändberg and Vilhelmson (2010), sustainable mobility is a critical issue for geography. They put forward three key questions to set a research agenda for transport geography. First, geographers can shed light on the link between the ever-increasing levels of (physical) mobility and social and spatial developments. A second research topic is the decoupling between economic growth and mobility demand. Finally, research has a role to play in policy and planning ; this includes evaluating and formulating potential interventions that reduce physical mobility. These interventions are carried out "at various spatial scales and in various contexts" (p. 113) like the city, neighbourhood, workplace, and home levels. The inclusion of a multitude of levels is a consequence of a focus on socio-spatial structures which contrasts with the dominant approach that focuses on individual and household behaviour. Given the increasing attention on workplaces in transport policy-making, we here discuss the role of the workplace level in commuting and the relation with other levels. The present paper explores the topic using some explorative measures and briefly discusses some methodological issues. The discussion contains some elements which are useful to develop a research agenda. 2The role of workplaces in commuting has changed over time. At a general level, the shift from Fordism to Post-Fordism offers a good framework to highlight some relevant evolutions. In a somewhat simplified version, spending most of one's career with one employer was considered as the norm in the Fordist period while today this is interpreted as a lack of ambition. Regularly changing your job is viewed as a successful and logical career path. One of the consequences is that many employees will opt for long-distance Scale and the workplace as level of analysis in transport geography Belgeo, 1-2 | 2012 1 commuting instead of relocating since assignments are considered temporary (Green, 2004). Furthermore, increased levels of female labour market participation and the related increase in dual-career households, together with the growing importance of the work-life balance, decreases the willingness "to relocate at the behest of an employer" (ibid., p. 632). Increased welfare, growing complexity and flexibility and the less central position of work in travel behaviour makes the private car even more popular than before due to its high degree of flexibility. 3Policy-making practices have changed too. Transport policy was influenced by the restructuring of national states which encompasses the rise of supra-national institutions which develop own transport strategies (e.g. European Commission, 2011), the decreased willingness to intervene in supposed market-led societal processes, regionalist tendencies, and devolution of competences to sub-national spaces of governance (MacKinnon and Shaw, 2010). From a somewhat different perspective,...

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“Let the business cycle!” A spatial multilevel analysis of cycling to work

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Workplace travel plans: can they be evaluated effectively by experts?

Workplace travel plans: can they be evaluated effectively by experts?

Rail Commuting to Workplaces in Belgium: A Multilevel Approach

Scale and the workplace as level of analysis in transport geography

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