Let's go outside! Environmental restoration amongst adolescents and the impact of friends and phones

Greenwood, Alison; Gatersleben, Birgitta

doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.09.007

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Some studies using NDVI as a measure of green space have also come to similar conclusions of no significance to mental health outcomes [ 51 ]. Measures, including proximity to, use of, or time spent in green space have seen more success in finding positive significant relationships [ 4 , 12 , 51 , 52 ]. More complex measures of nature have also found positive significant relationships with HRQOL measures [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children and Nature: Linking Accessibility of Natural Environments and Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life

Tillmann

Clark

Gilliland

2018

IJERPH

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A growing body of research suggests that increasing children’s nature interactions can have positive benefits for their health-related quality of life (HRQOL); however, researchers have yet to examine how geographical context influences this relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine individual-level and environmental factors that are associated with HRQOL of children from different geographical contexts. Data were collected for 851 children from 34 elementary schools in Ontario, Canada. The natural environments around each child’s home were computed using geospatial analyses in a geographic information system. Natural environment measures were combined with HRQOL and the demographics from child surveys to be used in a series of step-wise linear regression models. These models explored the relationship between children’s HRQOL and the natural environment in urban/suburban and rural populations. In addition to important individual-level determinants, the findings revealed that characteristics of the natural environment, including the amount of greenness, park, and water, show significant relationships in the urban/suburban population. Interpersonal variables were the key predictors of HRQOL in the rural population. Where children live influences relationships between nature and HRQOL. These findings have implications for policymakers, health practitioners, educators, and parents in the design and the promotion of nature for children’s HRQOL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children and Nature: Linking Accessibility of Natural Environments and Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life

Tillmann

Clark

Gilliland

2018

IJERPH

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“…Fourteen studies identified in this systematic scoping review measured both ST and GT [234][235][236][237][238][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250]. It is important to note that these studies did not necessarily measure both exposures with the intention of delineating the effects of high ST and low GT on psychological outcomes in children and adolescents, and it was not always possible to determine the reciprocal effects of both exposures.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A randomised experiment of adolescents from England also provided potential to delineate the psychological impacts of ST and GT [243]. Participants completed a series of stressor tasks before being randomly assigned to an outdoor or indoor environment, with a friend or alone with a mobile phone.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review

et al. 2020

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Technological developments in recent decades have increased young people's engagement with screen-based technologies (screen time), and a reduction in young people's contact with nature (green time) has been observed concurrently. This combination of high screen time and low green time may affect mental health and well-being. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to collate evidence assessing associations between screen time, green time, and psychological outcomes (including mental health, cognitive functioning, and academic achievement) for young children (<5 years), schoolchildren (5-11 years), early adolescents (12-14 years), and older adolescents (15-18 years). Original quantitative studies were identified in four databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase), resulting in 186 eligible studies. A third of included studies were undertaken in Europe and almost as many in the United States. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (62%). In general, high levels of screen time appeared to be associated with unfavourable psychological outcomes while green time appeared to be associated with favourable psychological outcomes. The ways screen time and green time were conceptualised and measured were highly heterogeneous, limiting the ability to synthesise the literature. The preponderance of cross-sectional studies with broadly similar findings, despite heterogeneous exposure measures, suggested results were not artefacts. However, additional high-quality longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials are needed to make a compelling case for causal relationships. Different developmental stages appeared to shape which exposures and outcomes were salient. Young people from low socioeconomic backgrounds may be disproportionately affected by high screen time and low green time. Future research should distinguish between passive and interactive screen activities, and incidental versus purposive exposure to nature. Few studies considered screen time and green time together, and possible reciprocal psychological effects. However, there is preliminary evidence that green time could buffer consequences of high screen time, therefore nature may be an under-utilised public health resource for youth psychological well-being in a high-tech era.

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“…It is, for example, possible that simply being outside (not necessarily in nature) and having more space facilitated a more relaxing environment. Noteworthy contributions to understanding the mechanisms have been made exploring social aspects, for example, experiencing nature alone or with a friend [ 72 , 73 ], types of natural environments, for example, open versus more densely vegetated landscapes [ 74 ], situational aspects, for example, restorative or non-restorative usage of the natural environment [ 75 ], and psychosocial aspects, for example, levels of stress previous to exposure [ 73 ]. Future research could apply so-called Realistic Evaluation [ 76 ] to systematically assess the mechanisms involved with the relations between natural environments, stress and cognition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Response and Cognitive Performance Modulation in Classroom versus Natural Environments: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study with Children

Mygind

Stevenson

Liebst

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Stress during childhood can have mental and somatic health influences that track throughout life. Previous research attributes stress-reducing effects to natural environments, but has mainly focused on adults and often following leisurely relaxation in natural environments. This pilot study explores the impact of natural environments on stress response during rest and mental load and cognitive performance in 47 children aged 10–12 years in a school context. Heart rate variability measures indexing tonic, event, and phasic vagal tone and attention scores were compared across classroom and natural environments. Tonic vagal tone was higher in the natural environment than the classrooms, but no differences were found in event or phasic vagal tone or cognitive performance measures. These findings suggest a situational aspect of the conditions under which natural environments may give rise to stress-buffering influences. Further research is warranted to understand the potential benefits in a real-life context, in particular with respect to the underpinning mechanisms and effects of accumulated exposure over time in settings where children spend large proportions of time in natural environments.

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Let's go outside! Environmental restoration amongst adolescents and the impact of friends and phones

Cited by 48 publications

References 49 publications

Children and Nature: Linking Accessibility of Natural Environments and Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life

Children and Nature: Linking Accessibility of Natural Environments and Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life

Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review

Stress Response and Cognitive Performance Modulation in Classroom versus Natural Environments: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study with Children

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