“…With the entry into force of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR) in June 2007, WHO and States Parties committed to detect, verify, assess and report events that may pose a threat to global health security. [1][2][3][4][5] Globally, in 2019, a total of 483 public health events were detected, recorded in the EMS, and monitored by WHO, of which 108 (22%) occurred in 35 IHR States Parties in the WHO African Region. [5][6][7][8] While the IHR ( 2005) uses an all-hazards approach, infectious diseases have represented the vast majority of hazards among substantiated events reported globally and specifically across the WHO African Region among the 103 substantiated events, 81 (79%) were classified as infectious, 13 (13%) as disaster, 6 (6%) as animal/zoonosis, and 3 (3%) as food safety.…”