Lessons Learned From the Syrian Sarin Attack: Evaluation of a Clinical Syndrome Through Social Media

Rosman, Yossi; Eisenkraft, Arik; Milk, Nadav; Shiyovich, Arthur; Ophir, Nimrod; Shrot, Shai; Kreiss, Yitshak; Kassirer, Michael

doi:10.7326/m13-2799

Cited by 138 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(6) For example, YouTube was used to evaluate clinical data and management protocols in the Ghouta chemical attack in Syria on 21 August 2013, suggesting that information from unofficial sources can be used to better prepare for future possible events. (7) Although information from such sources may not be trustworthy, emergency physicians should be open to such information so that they can anticipate the type and nature of possible MCIs and plan their responses accordingly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Little India riot: experience of an emergency department in Singapore

Lee

Ooi

Phua

et al. 2015

smedj

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Little India riot: experience of an emergency department in Singapore

Lee

Ooi

Phua

et al. 2015

smedj

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“…While OPs were never believed to have been deployed during the Second World War, recent nefarious use of these compounds against both civilian and military targets have been documented, e.g., CWNAs have been deployed by Aum Shinrikyo in Tokyo (Vale, 2005), during the Iraq-Iran War (Haines and Fox, 2014), and more recently during Syrian Civil War (Dolgin, 2013;Rosman et al, 2014). Additionally, the general availability of OP pesticides has also become more widespread due to higher global production, sales, and usages, especially in developing countries ( Katzman, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and median effective doses of oxime therapies against percutaneous organophosphorus pesticide and nerve agent challenges in the Hartley guinea pig

et al. 2016

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-Anticholinesterases, such as organophosphorus pesticides and warfare nerve agents, present a significant health threat. Onset of symptoms after exposure can be rapid, requiring quick-acting, efficacious therapy to mitigate the effects. The goal of the current study was to identify the safest antidote with the highest therapeutic index (TI = oxime 24-hr LD 50 /oxime ED 50 ) from a panel of four oximes deemed most efficacious in a previous study. The oximes tested were pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM Cl), MMB4 DMS, HLö-7 DMS, and obidoxime Cl 2 . The 24-hr median lethal dose (LD 50 ) for the four by intramuscular (IM) injection and the median effective dose (ED 50 ) were determined. In the ED 50 study, male guinea pigs clipped of hair received 2x LD 50 topical challenges of undiluted Russian VX (VR), VX, or phorate oxon (PHO) and, at the onset of cholinergic signs, IM therapy of atropine (0.4 mg/kg) and varying levels of oxime. Survival was assessed at 3 hr after onset clinical signs. The 3-hr 90th percentile dose (ED 90 ) for each oxime was compared to the guinea pig pre-hospital human-equivalent dose of 2-PAM Cl, 149 μmol/kg. The TI was calculated for each OP/oxime combination. Against VR, MMB4 DMS had a higher TI than HLö-7 DMS, whereas 2-PAM Cl and obidoxime Cl 2 were ineffective. Against VX, MMB4 DMS > HLö-7 DMS > 2-PAM Cl > obidoxime Cl 2 . Against PHO, all performed better than 2-PAM Cl. MMB4 DMS was the most effective oxime as it was the only oxime with ED 90 < 149 μmol/kg against all three topical OPs tested.

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“…We do not have any knowledge about wheter parents of these children has exposure to chemical weapons. It was used in August 2013 as known [6] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Reflection of Syrian Refugees to Pediatric Surgery"

2018

IJCRR

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Objective: Migration is an emergency in all aspects. Since the war began many of Syrian refugees were treated in our country. We aimed to evaluate pediatric surgical outcomes of these children in a tertiary center in Turkey Design: A retrospective study is reported Setting: Patients in present study were treated in atertiary hospital Subjects: Pediatric Syrian refugees Intervention: SurgeryMain Outcome Measure: Syrian refugees who were operated at the Pediatric Surgery Department of our hospital between June 2014 and November 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, diagnosis, and treatment were recorded. Results:We operated twenty male and eight female patients under general anesthesia. 8 (%28.6) of them had newborn pathologies, 5 (%17.9) had inguinal pathology, 3 (%10.8) had tumor, 3 (%10.8) had urological disorders, 5 (%17.9) had gastrointestinal pathology, 1 (%3.5) had lymphangioma, 1 (%3.5) had nux diaphragmatic hernia, 1 (%3.5) had bronchoscopy for evaluating tracheoesophageal fistula, and 1 (%3.5) was operated due to trauma. Patients died due to trauma and mutiple congenital anomalies. Others were treated succesfully. Conclusions:Wars and natural disaster effects humans and especially children. They have to leave their countries and move to neighbouring countries. By this study we wanted to draw attention and rise awareness on this emergency. Like the pediatric surgeons in the border, all the pediatric surgeons in our country will continue to do their best with regard to these children.

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Lessons Learned From the Syrian Sarin Attack: Evaluation of a Clinical Syndrome Through Social Media

Cited by 138 publications

References 18 publications

The Little India riot: experience of an emergency department in Singapore

The Little India riot: experience of an emergency department in Singapore

Toxicity and median effective doses of oxime therapies against percutaneous organophosphorus pesticide and nerve agent challenges in the Hartley guinea pig

"Reflection of Syrian Refugees to Pediatric Surgery"

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