Lessons learned from the development of the XMM optics

Chambure, Daniel de; Lainé, Robert; Katwijk, Kees van; Kletzkine, P.; Valenzuela, A.; Grisoni, Gabriel; Canali, Marina; Höfer, Stefan; Tock, Jean Philippe; Domken, Isabelle; Stockman, Yvan; Hansen, Hebert; Léonard, Michel; Aschenbach, B.; Braeuninger, Heinrich W.

doi:10.1117/12.360007

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For the latter, the simulation was performed without the implementation of the pre-collimator X-ray baffle. 14,15 The stray-light contamination increases with the detector radius. However, this increase is particularly severe in Simbol-X up to a factor 2 at the edge of the FoV.…”

Section: Stray Light Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simbol-X: x-ray baffle for stray-light reduction

et al. 2007

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Simbol-X, an hard X-ray mission proposed by a consortium of European laboratories, will operate on a broad energy range (0.5-70 keV) providing a large collecting area ( ∼ 1500 cm 2 at 1.5 keV and ∼ 450 cm 2 at 30 keV) and a good imaging capability over the entire energy range. Relying on two spacecrafts in a formation flight configuration, Simbol-X will use, for the first time, a 20 meters focal length X-ray concentrator with multilayers coated mirrors that efficiently focalize photons above 10 keV and enhance the sensitivity up to 70 keV.Thanks to a ray-tracing code, we simulated the Simbol-X optics performance and investigated the contamination at the focal plane caused by stray-light from diffuse cosmic X-ray background. A dedicated X-ray baffle is mandatory to minimize this contamination that otherwise, would strongly affect the telescope sensitivity. In this paper we investigate different X-ray baffle designs and show their efficiency in reducing the stray-light.

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Section: Stray Light Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simbol-X: x-ray baffle for stray-light reduction

et al. 2007

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“…The symmetrical full-shell structure of the nickel replica lens barrel exhibits excellent mechanical properties and can achieve high surface accuracy with an angular resolution of 10″-15″. Thus, grazing-incidence optical elements fabricated using nickel-based replication methods have been widely used [5][6][7]. However, in practical applications, it is necessary to consider the influence of factors such as the thickness of the mirror, the focal length, and the axial length to achieve the best optical characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision polishing of the mandrel for x-ray grazing incidence mirrors in the Einstein probe

Xue

Liao²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 2022; And 2nd International Forum of Young Scientists on Advanced

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Based on chemical-mechanical polishing and combining mechanical and tribochemical polishing techniques, a precision lapping method suitable for parabolic polishing specified by grazing incident X-rays is introduced. Various factors affecting the polishing process are analyzed, and the results show that the proposed method is consistent with Preston's equation and Hertz contact principle. Therefore, this paper proposes a general material removal model based on the above two methods. The mid and high-spatial frequency errors are demanded to reach the requirements with an angular resolution consistently < 6 arcsec HEW and a roughness of 0.3 nm rms (between 1 mm and 0.002 mm spatial frequency range). To achieve the conformal ultra-smooth polishing of focusing mirrors, the process of full-aperture super-smooth pitch polishing is investigated. The influences of key polishing parameters are revealed. The evolution of the surface topology has been studied. A polishing setup is established to carry out experimental polishing to verify the optimum processing parameters obtained by simulations and previous polishing tests. Besides, the effect of abrasive particle size on the roughness is also verified. The roughness of the polished mandrel is measured at different positions, and the optimum roughness reaches Ra 0.359 nm. The polishing approach can significantly reduce the surface roughness of the replication mandrel, satisfying the low energy band focusing requirement of grazing incidence X-ray mirrors.

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