Lessons learned from accidents on some major European inland waterways

Bačkalov, Igor; Vidić, Milica; Rudaković, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113918

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Without humans in the loop, no human errors will cause accidents and fatalities, making navigation safer for (remote) seafarers, passengers and goods. Currently, human errors are causing 80% of incidents (Schreibers et al 2021), even if this number is debated among scholars (Bačkalov et al 2021). In the long term, autonomous barges will possibly become cheaper as they allow a cut on crew costs and accountancy costs, the digitalisation of chartering and brokering will reduce freight costs, and safer navigating systems will possibly reduce insurance premiums, although, in the short run, this may not be the case as the insurance cost will follow the capital value of the vessel (Verberght and van Hassel 2019).…”

Section: Autonomous Inland Bargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous inland navigation: a literature review and extracontractual liability issues

Domenighini

2024

J. shipp. trd.

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Pilot tests for (semi-)autonomous transport via inland waterways are already taking place in Belgium and other European countries. However, the full commercial implementation of autonomous inland shipping might be hampered by liability issues. The allocation of liability, especially extracontractual liability, is an important concern for shipowners who want to invest in autonomous barges, and for other ecosystem actors. For this reason, a balanced risk distribution framework could boost the investment decision. A legal analysis of the current laws and regulations is necessary to evaluate whether they can be applied to new autonomous systems. The research approach consists of two steps. First, an in-depth literature review is carried out to determine whether extracontractual liability research has already been conducted and to highlight the gaps in autonomous inland waterways transport studies. Once it is proved that the vast majority of the research focuses on technology, it can be affirmed that there is a need to inquire about extracontractual liability. In the second part, thus, the two international Conventions on liability limitation and collision in inland navigation are examined.

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Section: Autonomous Inland Bargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous inland navigation: a literature review and extracontractual liability issues

Domenighini

2024

J. shipp. trd.

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“…The potential causes, underlying mechanisms, and risk assessments of water traffic accidents always differ between regions. For example, occurrences of inland shipping accidents in Europe are related to the geography, climate, national economic background, and safety culture characteristics [7]. The risk assessment of waterborne transportation becomes challenging due to the complex mechanisms and multivariate factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Evolution Characteristics of Water Traffic Accidents in Asia since the 21st Century

Peng,

Jiang,

Chu

et al. 2023

JMSE

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As an important mode of transportation for the global trade, waterborne transportation has become a priority option for import and export trade due to its large load capacity and relatively low cost. Meanwhile, shipping safety has been highly valued. By collecting technological water traffic accident data from the EM-DAT database, the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution characteristics were investigated in Asia since 2000. The methods of gravity center and standard deviation ellipse analysis were utilized to determine the spatial and data-related characteristics of water traffic accidents. Temporally, the results indicated that accidents occurred most frequently during the seasons of autumn and winter, leading to a significant number of casualties. Spatially, both South-eastern Asia and Southern Asia emerged as regions with a high frequency of water traffic accidents, particularly along the borders of Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Bay of Bengal region. In addition, the Daniel trend test and R/S analysis were conducted to demonstrate the evolution trend of accidents across various regions and seasons. The present study provides guidance for improving marine shipping safety, emergency resource management, and relevant policy formulation.

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“…Finally, people will always be in the loop of the maritime transportation system, so human errors will simply be shifted to another stage. The fact that will perhaps have the greatest impact on safety is that in the case of unmanned ships, fewer crew members will be exposed to various hazards on board [22][23][24].…”

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confidence: 99%

Systematization of Legal Procedures for Collision Avoidance between a Fully Autonomous Ship and a Traditional Manned Ship

Kim

2023

JMSE

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Discussions of autonomous ships are actively being conducted in the industry and by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). In addition, it is anticipated that a significant number of autonomous ships will be operational at sea soon, as a trial run of autonomous ships is underway. Fully autonomous ships will operate based on pre-programmed algorithms to prevent collisions, eliminating the need for onboard navigators or remote operators onshore. Most collision avoidance algorithms are typically based on an engineering approach that predicts the future movement of an approaching ship by observing its vector. However, it is worth noting that even if fully autonomous ships navigate at sea, the majority of ships encountered are still operated by humans. These ships adhere to the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG). Therefore, even fully autonomous ships can effectively and legally avoid approaching ships only when they are steered in compliance with the COLREG. However, it has rarely been addressed which procedures should be followed to determine the legally correct action in various situations where fully autonomous ships encounter traditional manned ships. Therefore, this study is divided into two parts. First, a decision-making tree is presented, as simply as possible, to determine the legally correct collision avoidance action according to the COLREG. Secondly, a quantitative analysis is presented for qualitative expressions such as “narrow channel”, “restricted visibility”, and “best aid to avoid collision”. This review will help fully autonomous ships determine legitimate collision avoidance actions and operate safely in seas where human-operated ships are sailing. However, for autonomous ships, the “Trolley problem” and issues related to decision-making for collision avoidance through communication with other ships are left as future challenges.

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Lessons learned from accidents on some major European inland waterways

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Autonomous inland navigation: a literature review and extracontractual liability issues

Autonomous inland navigation: a literature review and extracontractual liability issues

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Evolution Characteristics of Water Traffic Accidents in Asia since the 21st Century

Systematization of Legal Procedures for Collision Avoidance between a Fully Autonomous Ship and a Traditional Manned Ship

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