“…An additional question was added to the Level 1 evaluation to assess planned action, which is an element taken from the Phillips ROI Methodology (Pulliam Phillips, 2017). This question was presented as “Give an example of how you will incorporate what you have learned from this activity into your practice.” Planned action is based on the theory of planned behavior, which posits that intention may be a predictor for future behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Russell-Babin, 2017; Wellings et al, 2017). In the education setting, if a learner can identify how they may use the acquired knowledge, skills, and/or attitudes, this may be an indicator of future behavior change or application, which can also be a preview of Level 3 evaluation outcomes.…”