Lessons from the five data breaches: Analyzing framed crisis response strategies and crisis severity

Johnson, Kristine; Park, Sunyoung

doi:10.1080/23311975.2017.1354525

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…news mentioned negative connotations like: "Equifax's Maddening Unaccountability", "Marriott's Starwood hotels mega-hack: Half a BILLION guests' deets exposed over 4 years", "Marriott Breach Exposes Far More Than Just Data", "Seriously, Equifax? This Is a Breach No One Should Get Away With") which is consistent with previous findings in that the news and corporate reframed the crisis differently [49,11,73].…”

Section: Study 2: Crisis Communication Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

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User Understanding of Internet Data Breaches

Hassanzadeh¹

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Section: Study 2: Crisis Communication Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Kim et al [49] did a content analysis study of 64 news stories of five security breach crises. They analyzed press releases and news releases in four national online newspapers to explore crisis response strategies and framed situational factors.…”

Section: Strategic Crisis Communication Researchers Focus Only On Howmentioning

confidence: 99%

User Understanding of Internet Data Breaches

Hassanzadeh¹

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“…In fact, many of the studies of crisis communication from 1953 to 2014 emphasized identifying what crisis response strategies that organizations use to engage stakeholders after a crisis has emerged (Diers-Lawson, 2020;2017a). Though there are limited crisis communication studies of data breaches, these studies have often followed this approach in describing organizational responses to the data breaches (e.g., Kim, et al, 2017;Kim & Lee, 2018;Wang & Park, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both industry and academic publications define data breaches as incidents where private or confidential informationespecially medical and/or financial recordsare put at risk of exposure (2019Cost of a Data Breach Report, 2019Kim, Johnson, & Park, 2017). In IBM's Cost of a Data Breach Report (2019), three primary causes are identifiedcriminal attacks, system glitches (i.e., technical errors), and human error.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing research identifies the limitations and need for empirical studies of the role of strategic communication before, during, and after data breaches (Choi et al, 2016;Rosati, Deeney, Cummins, Van der Werff, & Lynn, 2019;Wang & Park, 2017). Even where crisis research has explored data breaches, it often focuses on the connections between reputation in a social media context, such as how users might tweet about cyber-attacks (Confente, Siciliano, Gaudenzi, & Eickhoff, 2019;Vogler & Meissner, 2020) or with analyses of organizational responses and other indirect measures of stakeholder attitudes instead of direct measures (Bentley, Oostman, & Shah, 2018;Gwebu et al, 2018;Kim et al, 2017;Kim & Lee, 2018;Wang & Park, 2017). Yet findings from the few studies directly connecting data breaches and stakeholder attitudes suggest that investing in stakeholder relationship development holds critical value for organizations who may experience these types of crises (Jahng & Hong, 2017;Janakiraman, Lim, & Rishika, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Building crisis capacity with data breaches: the role of stakeholder relationship management and strategic communication

Diers-Lawson

Symons

Zeng

2021

CCIJ

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PurposeData security breaches are an increasingly common and costly problem for organizations, yet there are critical gaps in our understanding of the role of stakeholder relationship management and crisis communication in relation to data breaches. In fact, though there have been some studies focusing on data breaches, little is known about what might constitute a “typical” response to data breaches whether those responses are effective at maintaining the stakeholders' relationship with the organization, their commitment to use the organization after the crisis, or the reputational threat of the crisis. Further, even less is known about the factors most influencing response and outcome evaluation during data breaches.Design/methodology/approachWe identify a “typical” response strategy to data breaches and then evaluate the role of this response in comparison to situation, stakeholder demographics and relationships between stakeholders, the issue and the organization using an experimental design. This experiment focuses on a 2 (type of organization) × 2 (prior knowledge of breach risk) with a control group design.FindingsFindings suggest that rather than employing reactive crisis response messaging the role of public relations should focus on proactive relationship building between organizations and key stakeholders.Originality/valueFor the last several decades much of the field of crisis communication has assumed that in the context of a crisis the response strategy itself would materially help the organization. These data suggest that the field crisis communication may have been making the wrong assumption. In fact, these data suggest that reactive crisis response has little-to-no effect once we consider the relationships between organizations, the issue and stakeholders. The findings show that an ongoing program of crisis capacity building is to an organization's strategic advantage when data security breaches occur.

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Exploring stakeholder perceptions and policy implications for strategic managment of large‐size classes: A systematic literature review

Molavi

2024

Review of Education

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Inevitably having large‐size classes creates a huge number of challenges but also benefits that motivate the higher education institutes to recruit large‐size student bodies. This paper aims to identify the focus of scholars in this field, how the concerns have been addressed as well as a pedagogic basis for large‐class management and delivery, then further to determine gaps in the existing literature of large‐size classes. Using PRISMA, this research systematically reviews 131 articles between 1976 and 2024 on an international basis. Building upon the findings of the systematic literature review (SLR), the study introduces the Input‐Process‐Output‐Outcome (IPOO) model of education. Then, the research discusses a range of strategies proposed in academic research to effectively address the challenges posed by large class sizes. These strategies include pedagogical approaches/strategies, perception and behaviour‐based means, technological tools/strategies, and perception‐driven digitised strategies. The article identifies research gaps in the existing literature, particularly regarding stakeholders' perceptions of large class sizes. It emphasises the need for further investigation into the diverse perspectives held by stakeholders regarding the pros and cons of large class environments. The findings underscore the importance of challenging negative and neutral perceptions of large class sizes. Additionally, the study highlights the role of marketing strategies in shaping perceptions of class size and suggests avenues for future research in education business. Finally, the results of the bibliometric analysis reveal specific geographical or disciplinary focuses. The study provides insights for policymakers on developing effective policies to manage large class sizes and suggests future research avenues in education business and policy. Context and implicationsRationale for this studyMotivated by the increasing prevalence of large class sizes in higher education institutions (HEIs) globally, driven by factors such as massification and marketisation. It aims to examine (dis)advantages associated with large classes while considering the diverse perspectives of stakeholders involved. Conducting a SLR and introducing the IPOO model, it aims to pinpoint gaps in managing large classes effectively.Why the new findings matterThe study addresses research gaps, particularly in understanding how perceptions shape educational practices. By highlighting the need to challenge negative perceptions, it emphasises their impact on outcomes and institutional strategies. Additionally, it identifies the role of marketing strategies in shaping perceptions and provides insights for education business.Implications for policy makers, stakeholders and the general publicThe study's implications span education sectors: practitioners can glean insights for managing large classes. Policymakers can utilise this research to inform the development of policies pertaining to class size regulations and resource allocation, ensuring that HEIs receive the necessary support to address challenges arising from large class sizes. Researchers are prompted to study perceptions surrounding class sizes. Funders can support research on class size perceptions, aiding evidence‐based decision making and resource distribution. Finally, the general public can benefit from increased awareness of the complexities surrounding class size dynamics, fostering a broader understanding of the challenges faced by educators and institutions in delivering quality education in large class settings.

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Lessons from the five data breaches: Analyzing framed crisis response strategies and crisis severity

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

User Understanding of Internet Data Breaches

User Understanding of Internet Data Breaches

Building crisis capacity with data breaches: the role of stakeholder relationship management and strategic communication

Exploring stakeholder perceptions and policy implications for strategic managment of large‐size classes: A systematic literature review

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