Lessons From the First Two Years of Project Heartland, Oklahoma's Mental Health Response to the 1995 Bombing

Call, John A.; Pfefferbaum, J.D. Betty

doi:10.1176/ps.50.7.953

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…20 Professional rescue and responder personnel are typically hesitant to use formal mental health services. The degree to which this extends to their partners and other family members awaits more comprehensive evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing on the Partners of Firefighters

Pfefferbaum

North

Bunch

et al. 2002

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing on the Partners of Firefighters

Pfefferbaum

North

Bunch

et al. 2002

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

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“…Psychoeducative modules were common and they were typically applied as a part of the CBT or creative intervention methods. For instance, the interventions studied by Call and Pfefferbaum [1999], Thabet et al [2005], and Vickers [2005] included information about children's common trauma responses, psychiatric symptoms and age-salient ways of understanding trauma. Narrative approach was either applied as the main technique of intervention [Onyut et al, 2005] or combined with other methods [Chase et al, 1999;Lustig et al, 2004].…”

Section: Techniques Tools and Underlying Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive interventions among children exposed to trauma of armed conflict: a literature review

Peltonen

Punamäki

2009

Aggressive Behavior

133

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Increasing research is available on the preconditions for child mental health and optimal development in traumatic conditions, whereas less is known how to translate the findings into effective interventions to help traumatized children. This literature review analyses the effectiveness of psychosocial preventive interventions and treatments and their theoretical bases among children traumatized in the context of armed conflicts (war, military violence, terrorism and refugee). The first aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive interventions in preventing emotional distress and impairment and promoting optimal emotional-cognitive and social development. The second task is to analyze the nature of the underlying mechanisms for the success of preventive interventions, and the theoretical premises of the choice of intervention techniques, procedures and tools. We found 16 relevant published studies, but an examination of them revealed that only four of them had experimental designs strong enough that they could be included in the meta-analysis. While the subjective reports of the researchers suggested that systematic preventive interventions were effective in decreasing PTSD and depressive symptoms among children traumatized due to armed conflict, the more objective results of the meta-analysis and the weaknesses in designs uncovered during the meta-analysis undermine such a conclusion. Additionally, a majority of the reported preventive interventions focused only on children's biased cognitive processes and negative emotions, while only a few aimed at influencing multiple domains of child development and improving developmental functioning on emotional, social and psychophysiological levels. It is concluded that substantial additional work needs to be done in developing effective preventive interventions and treatments for children traumatized by exposure to war and violence.

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“…It emphasizes crisis counseling and support services, along with outreach and public education for affected individuals. Consistent with this model, following the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing Project Heartland provided services to 9,345 individuals, most of whom were indirect community victims of the bombing (Call & Pfefferbaum, 1999). Subsequent evaluation has suggested that direct victims with more serious disorders may have been underserved in terms of screening, triage, referral to specialist services for established treatments, and subsequent monitoring.…”

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confidence: 99%

Promoting mental health following the London bombings: A screen and treat approach

Brewin¹,

Scragg²,

Robertson³

et al. 2008

Journal of Traumatic Stress

179

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Following the 2005 London bombings, a novel public health program was instituted to address the mental health needs of survivors. In this article, the authors describe the rationale for the program, characteristics of individuals assessed within the program, and preliminary outcome data. In addition to validated screening instruments and routine service usage data, standardized questionnaire outcome measures were collected. Seventy-one percent of individuals screened positive for a mental disorder. Of those receiving a more detailed clinical assessment, PTSD was the predominant diagnosis. Preliminary outcome data on 82 patients revealed large effect sizes for treatment comparable to those previously obtained in randomized controlled trials. The program succeeded in its aim of generating many more referrals of affected individuals than came through normal referral channels.

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Lessons From the First Two Years of Project Heartland, Oklahoma's Mental Health Response to the 1995 Bombing

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

The Impact of the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing on the Partners of Firefighters

The Impact of the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing on the Partners of Firefighters

Preventive interventions among children exposed to trauma of armed conflict: a literature review

Promoting mental health following the London bombings: A screen and treat approach

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