Lessons from the Electric Vehicle Crashworthiness Leading to Battery Fire

Chombo, Pius Victor; Laoonual, Yossapong

doi:10.3390/en14164802

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The main disadvantages are a long safe charging time and low resistance to irregularities in the charging process [ 3 , 4 ], which may result in self-ignition or even explosion [ 5 , 6 ]. In the currently produced lithium cells, if the limit parameters are exceeded, a dangerous process of thermal runaway may develop [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dependence of the Burning Process and Ignition Temperature of a Lithium Cell on Its State of Charge

Erd

Ciszewski

2023

Sensors

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Batteries and energy stores built with lithium-ion cells are potentially dangerous and can cause fires that are difficult to extinguish. Reducing the intensity of the fires and extending the time of their development may be of great importance for improving safety. The aim of this work is to examine the influence of the state of charge (SOC) of a cell on susceptibility to ignition, and to analyze the course of the burning process. For this purpose, a special measuring station was built, where ignition was initiated and the course of combustion was observed. During the measurements, energy was supplied by heating a cell from the outside with a resistance heater while at the same time thermally insulating the cell from the environment. The measures of the course of the fire were the amount of energy supplied to the cell before ignition and the temperature changes during the fire. The tests proved the existence of significant differences in the amount of energy causing the ignition of cells. These differences result from changes in the SOC. Quantitative results are presented. The existence of differences in susceptibility to ignition can be used to change the construction of control algorithms for battery management systems (BMSs).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dependence of the Burning Process and Ignition Temperature of a Lithium Cell on Its State of Charge

Erd

Ciszewski

2023

Sensors

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“…[ 2–4 ] However, safety issue, characterized with battery thermal runaway, remains a prominent challenge. [ 5–7 ] For example, occasional fire incidents of EVs have been reported throughout the world, [ 8 ] leaving battery safety a major concern for future markets. The key to alleviating this anxiety is providing the occupants with safer LIBs by mitigating thermal runaway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Battery Safety by Mitigating Thermal‐Induced Crosstalk with a Bi‐Continuous Separator

Song

Wang

Cui

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Lithium‐ion batteries are taking center stage in the environmental revolution through the ever‐growing adoption of electric vehicles. However, safety issues derived from battery thermal runaway remain a prominent challenge. In this work, a bi‐continuous separator (Bi‐Sep) via micro‐gravure and phase inversion techniques is developed. The proposed nonshrinkage separator exhibits a nanoporous morphology and a super‐stretchable property, thus effectively blocking both internal short circuits and chemical crosstalk between electrodes at thermal abusive temperatures. Besides its considerable performance at normal conditions, the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/graphite pouch cell assembled with the Bi‐Sep separator presents superior sustainability at an elevated temperature of 60 °C. Moreover, the cell using this Bi‐Sep separator achieves an extremely high level of survivability under thermal abusive conditions. This work concludes that engineering the porous structure and thermomechanical properties of a separator, rather than simply improving its heat‐resistance, is of significant importance for the development of safe batteries.

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“…Most data show that minor collisions are harmless for the cells [80]; however, in the case of accidents involving vehicles moving at excessive speeds, the risk of a Li-ion battery fire significantly increases and seems to be unavoidable in the case of road incidents at very high speeds [81][82][83]. The tendency of individual LIBs to initiate TR mechanically is the subject of specific risk assessment tests, i.e., SAE J2464, SAEJ2929, ISO 12405-1, ISO12405-2, ISO 12405-3, SEC 62660-1, SEC 62660-2, SEC62660-3, UL 2580, KMVSS Article18-3, AIS-048, GB38031 [84].…”

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat escaping process moves from stage 2 to stage 3 as soon as sufficient oxygen and heat have accumulated to burn the battery. During stage 3 the combustion of the electrolyte begins, the electrolytes used in LIBs are usually organic, which are highly volatile and flammable [74, [81][82][83][84]. If it is impossible to stop the increase of temperature of a Li-ion battery inevitably a thermal runaway phenomenon occurs and ends with a cell fire [85].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Fire Hazards Associated with the Operation of Electric Vehicles in Enclosed Structures

Dorsz

Lewandowski

2021

Energies

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The article discusses the analysis of the possible development of hazards associated with the operation of vehicles equipped with an electric drive using the example of passenger cars. The authors review the problem of the safety of people and property resulting from the occurrence of a fire in an electric passenger car, in the context of fires that have occurred in recent years. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the state of knowledge concerning the characteristics of the fire progression in an electric car, its heat release rate curve [HRR], total heat release [THR], heat of combustion and factors affecting the fire progression. In this paper, an attempt was made to compare the fire characteristics of an electric car and a passenger car equipped with an internal combustion engine together with an estimation, using CFD simulations, of the impact on the safety of people and property in closed structures such as underground garages or road tunnels. The need for further development of research on electric cars equipped with large lithium-ion batteries in the context of their fire safety is indicated. The authors pay attention to the insufficient amount of data available to understand the fire characteristics of modern electric cars, which would enable the appropriate design of fire safety systems in building structures.

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Lessons from the Electric Vehicle Crashworthiness Leading to Battery Fire

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

The Dependence of the Burning Process and Ignition Temperature of a Lithium Cell on Its State of Charge

The Dependence of the Burning Process and Ignition Temperature of a Lithium Cell on Its State of Charge

Boosting Battery Safety by Mitigating Thermal‐Induced Crosstalk with a Bi‐Continuous Separator

Analysis of Fire Hazards Associated with the Operation of Electric Vehicles in Enclosed Structures

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