Lessons from a Sensor Network Expedition

Szewczyk, Robert; Polastre, Joseph; Mainwaring, Alan; Culler, David

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24606-0_21

Cited by 325 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The water made the humidity sensor malfunction and return abnormally high readings. This kind of physical failure is not uncommon and is recoverable [11]. After being dried, the sensor returned to normal operation.…”

Section: Light (Adc Mv)mentioning

confidence: 96%

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The HKUST Frog Pond – A Case Study of Sensory Data Analysis

Xue

et al. 2004

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Many sensor network applications are data-centric, and data analysis plays an important role in these applications. However, it is a challenging task to find out what specific problems and requirements sensory data analysis will face, because these applications are tightly embedded in the physical world and the sensory data reflect the physical phenomena being monitored. In this paper, we propose to use field studies as an alternative for identifying these problems and requirements. Specifically, we deployed an experimental sensor network for monitoring the frog pond in our university and analyzed the collected sensory data. We present our methodology of sensory data collection and analysis. We also discuss preliminary analytical results from the collected sensory data, together with our generalization for similar sensor network applications. We find that this case study helped us identify and understand several problems, either general or specific, in real-world sensor network application deployment and sensory data analysis.

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Section: Light (Adc Mv)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Both GDI ([8] [11]) and PODS [2] deployed sensor networks in outdoor environments mainly for the purpose of system performance study. Specifically, GDI deployed a multi-tier sensor network for habit monitoring whereas PODS was deployed in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HKUST Frog Pond – A Case Study of Sensory Data Analysis

Xue

et al. 2004

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…Szewczyk et al 9 11 This approach solely focuses on identifying faults, and is based on their stated assumption that identifying a fault consumes a majority of the time involved in handling a failure for Internet service providers. The authors postulate that once a fault has been detected, the fix involves simple techniques such as rebooting a node.…”

Section: -Fault Detection-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 In sensor networks, interactions between sensor hardware, protocols, and environmental characteristics are hard to predict, making application design an iterative process between debugging and deployment. 3 For example, owing to flaky or variable link connectivity, post-deployment environments can present unexpected combinations of inputs, or stimulate untested control paths in routing and transport code, uncovering new bugs and necessitating different application designs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a debugging system for sensor networks

Ramanathan

Kohler

Estrin³

2005

Int J Network Mgmt

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Due to their resource constraints and tight physical coupling, sensor networks afford limited visibility into an application's behavior. As a result it is often difficult to debug issues that arise during development and deployment. Existing techniques for fault management focus on fault tolerance or detection; before we can detect anomalous behavior in sensor networks, we need first to identify what simple metrics can be used to infer system health and correct behavior. We propose metrics and events that enable system health inferences, and present a preliminary design of Sympathy, a debugging tool for pre-and post-deployment sensor networks. Sympathy will contain mechanisms for collecting system performance metrics with minimal memory overhead; mechanisms for recognizing application-defined events based on these metrics; and a system for collecting events in their spatiotemporal context. The Sympathy system will help programmers draw correlations between seemingly unrelated, distributed events, and produce graphs that highlight those correlations. As an example, we describe how we used a preliminary version of Sympathy to help debug a complex application, Tiny Diffusion.

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“…In the life cycle of a WSN it becomes necessary to add new nodes to the network. Nodes cease to operate due to empty batteries, electrial or mechanical failure and need replacement [4]. In LEAP, K I is present in the hostile environment every time new nodes are added.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARPD: Asynchronous random key predistribution in the LEAP framework for Wireless Sensor Networks

Achtzehn¹,

Rohner

Rodhe

2007

2007 IEEE Internatonal Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems

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Abstract-In the LEAP framework for wireless sensor networks a set of keys is used to secure communication. LEAP distinguishes between unicast (pairwise) communication, group (cluster) communication and global (broadcast) communication. The keys used in pairwise communication are derived from an initial key KI that nodes are equipped with prior to deployment and that is deleted after link setup. Further keys are distributed encrypted with these pairwise keys. If the initial key is ever disclosed, the whole network is compromised. To lower the threat of KI disclosure, we present a novel KI -less scheme for key predistribution. Our scheme is based on random key predistribution, and proves to perform better in medium sized networks than previous proposals. It is resilient against node capture attacks and allows node to node authentication. Attacks against overlying protocols in the network are more difficult with this scheme. We have conducted computations to show the feasibility of our scheme for networks up to a size of 1000 nodes. By introducing a key reuse system we are able to increase the probability of a successful link setup. We have included a security analysis that discusses our scheme's resistance against commonly known attacks.Index Terms-Wireless sensor networks, Network-level security and protection

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Lessons from a Sensor Network Expedition

Cited by 325 publications

References 16 publications

The HKUST Frog Pond – A Case Study of Sensory Data Analysis

The HKUST Frog Pond – A Case Study of Sensory Data Analysis

Towards a debugging system for sensor networks

ARPD: Asynchronous random key predistribution in the LEAP framework for Wireless Sensor Networks

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