Lessons about parks and poverty from a decade of forest loss and economic growth around Kibale National Park, Uganda

Naughton‐Treves, Lisa; Alix‐Garcia, Jennifer; Chapman, Colin A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1013332108

Cited by 138 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To date, research has proceeded on two productive but parallel fronts: one focusing on the drivers of tropical forest cover change , Geist and Lambin 2002, Lambin et al 2003, Gibbs et al 2010) and the other on forest use and social inequality among forest users (Cavendish 2000, Fisher 2004, Godoy et al 2004, Angelsen et al 2014. Studies of tropical forest cover change, combining satellite imagery and household surveys, have successfully identified the "signal" of economic structural change, specific economic policies (e.g., credit), migration and remittances, household demographics, and livelihood diversification in the forest landscape in Neotropical America (e.g., McCracken et al 1999, Walker 2003, VanWey et al 2007, Turner 2010, Naughton-Treves et al 2011. Such work reveals clearly that forests are not only impacted and transformed through use, but also that their composition is a reflection of underlying social and economic processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forests as landscapes of social inequality: tropical forest cover and land distribution among shifting cultivators

Coomes¹,

Takasaki²,

Rhemtulla³

2016

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Can social inequality be seen imprinted in a forest landscape? We studied the relationship between land holding, land use, and inequality in a peasant community in the Peruvian Amazon where farmers practice swidden-fallow cultivation. Longitudinal data on land holding, land use, and land cover were gathered through field-level surveys (n = 316) and household interviews (n = 51) in 1994/1995 and 2007. Forest cover change between 1965 and 2007 was documented through interpretation of air photos and satellite imagery. We introduce the concept of "land use inequality" to capture differences across households in the distribution of forest fallowing and orchard raising as key land uses that affect household welfare and the sustainability of swidden-fallow agriculture. We find that land holding, land use, and forest cover distribution are correlated and that the forest today reflects social inequality a decade prior. Although initially land-poor households may catch up in terms of land holdings, their use and land cover remain impoverished. Differential land use investment through time links social inequality and forest cover. Implications are discussed for the study of forests as landscapes of inequality, the relationship between social inequality and forest composition, and the forest-poverty nexus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forests as landscapes of social inequality: tropical forest cover and land distribution among shifting cultivators

Coomes¹,

Takasaki²,

Rhemtulla³

2016

E&S

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“…The Reserve management authority allocates a yearly wildlife quota for communities to hunt, and also share 16 per cent of the total revenue generated through commercial photographic and hunting tourism directly with communities through Community-based Natural Resource Management Committees (Jorge et al, 2013). This community engagement is based on growing evidence that well managed protected areas can reduce poverty, improve rural livelihoods and promote peace and stability (Naughton-Treves et al, 2011;Ferraro et al, 2011;Maekawa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Allan Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

"Patterns of Forest Loss in One of Africa’s Last Remaining Wilderness Areas: Niassa National Reserve (Northern Mozambique) "

Allan¹,

Grossmann²,

Craig³

et al. 2017

Parks

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Niassa National Reserve (NNR) supports Mozambique's largest populations of endangered fauna and sustains the livelihoods of > 40,000 people who utilise its natural resources. Accurately monitoring finescale spatial and temporal trends in land-use and tree-cover is increasingly used for monitoring the ecological state of conservation areas. Here we provide essential information on land-use changes in NNR to support ongoing conservation efforts in the region. We examined patterns of forest and woodland loss in NNR between 2001 and 2014 using high resolution maps of global tree-cover change, and compared this with changes in the wider region. We found that NNR lost 108 km 2 of forest (0.9 per cent of its 11,970 km 2 aggregated forest extent), with the majority (89 km 2 ) of forest loss occurring due to expanding agriculture around settlements and along main roads. Although this loss was substantial, it was lower than changes in the surrounding region, with the adjacent districts and Provinces losing 200 km 2 (3.2 per cent) and 6,594 km 2 (5.7 per cent) of their respective forest extents. We found NNR's diverse Miombo ecosystems are still intact and could support large mega-faunal assemblages, investment in ensuring the long-term success of NNR is an obvious global conservation priority.

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“…Smaller, qualitative studies have illustrated in great detail the causal mechanisms by which park-side communities have struggled, which have included eviction , alienation of resources (Neumann 1998), and impoverishment (Cernea and SchmidtSoltau 2006). Recently, larger quantitative studies that include controls have observed some poverty alleviation near PAs (Andam et al 2010, Sims 2010, Barrett et al 2011, Naughton-Treves et al 2011) though the cause of change is generally not clear. This discrepancy points to the need for new research that uses mixed methodologies to examine both the cause of changing social welfare indicators and the incidence of change within a comparative framework that includes controls (Wilkie et al 2006, Redford 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and Unscripted Development: Proximity to Park Associated with Development and Financial Diversity

Baird¹

2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Decades of research on the social dynamics of biodiversity conservation has shown that parks and protected areas have added hardship to rural communities throughout much of the developing world. Nonetheless, some recent studies have found evidence of poverty alleviation near protected areas. To build on these conflicting accounts, I use a comparative, mixed-methods design to examine opportunistic, unplanned, i.e., unscripted, development in indigenous communities near Tarangire National Park (TNP) in northern Tanzania. I ask the questions: (1) How is proximity to TNP related to community-level infrastructural development? (2) How has the process of development changed over time? and (3) How is proximity to TNP related to infrastructure-related social outcomes at the household-level? Results from semistructured interviews show that, compared with distant communities, communities near TNP have developed more extensive education and water infrastructure in the past decade by procuring financial support from a greater diversity of external organizations, including wildlife-related organizations. Correspondingly, household survey results show that education measures are positively associated with proximity to TNP, controlling for other factors. These findings support the notion that development can accrue near protected areas in ways that are diverse, uncoordinated, and opportunistic, and correspondingly distinct from heralded community-based conservation, community-based natural resource management, and integrated conservation and development project initiatives.

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Lessons about parks and poverty from a decade of forest loss and economic growth around Kibale National Park, Uganda

Cited by 138 publications

References 27 publications

Forests as landscapes of social inequality: tropical forest cover and land distribution among shifting cultivators

Forests as landscapes of social inequality: tropical forest cover and land distribution among shifting cultivators

"Patterns of Forest Loss in One of Africa’s Last Remaining Wilderness Areas: Niassa National Reserve (Northern Mozambique) "

Conservation and Unscripted Development: Proximity to Park Associated with Development and Financial Diversity

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