Less Fine Particle Retention in a Restored Versus Unrestored Urban Stream: Balance Between Hyporheic Exchange, Resuspension, and Immobilization

Drummond, Jennifer; Larsen, Laurel G.; González‐Pinzón, Ricardo; Packman, Aaron I.; Harvey, J. W.

doi:10.1029/2017jg004212

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Moreover, without long-term retention of particulate organic carbon, carbon cycles may be disrupted . Therefore, even if restoration increases hyporheic exchange, this alone will not lead to increased retention of fine particles if there is also the simultaneous rapid remobilization of fines, as was found in a stream restored with gravel vanes (Drummond, Larsen, González-Pinzón, Packman, & Harvey, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fine particle transport dynamics in response to wood additions in a small agricultural stream

Drummond

Wright‐Stow

Franklin

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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Wood additions to streams can slow water velocities and provide depositional areas for bacteria and fine particles (e.g., particulate organic carbon and nutrients sorbed to fine sediment), therefore increasing solute and particle residence times. Thus, wood additions are thought to create biogeochemical hotspots in streams. Added wood is expected to enhance in‐stream heterogeneity, result in more complex flow paths, increase natural retention of fine particles and alter the geomorphic characteristics of the stream reach. Our aim was to directly measure the impact of wood additions on fine particle transport and retention processes. We conducted conservative solute and fluorescent fine particle tracer injection studies in a small agricultural stream in the Whatawhata catchment, North Island of New Zealand in two reaches—a control reach and a reach restored 1‐year earlier by means of wood additions. Fine particles were quantified in surface water to assess reach‐scale (channel thalweg) and habitat‐scale (near wood) transport and retention. Following the injection, habitat‐scale measurements were taken in biofilms on cobbles and by stirring streambed sediment to measure fine particles available for resuspension. Tracer injection results showed that fine particle retention was greater in the restored compared to the control reach, with increased habitat‐scale particle counts and reach‐scale particle retention. Particle deposition was positively correlated with cobble biofilm biomass. We also found that the addition of wood enhanced hydraulic complexity and increased the retention of solute and fine particles near the wood, especially near a channel spanning log. Furthermore, particles were more easily remobilized from the control reach. The mean particle size remobilized after stirring the sediments was ~5 μm, a similar size to both fine particulate organic matter and many microorganisms. These results demonstrate that particles in this size range are dynamic and more likely to remobilize and transport further downstream during bed mobilization events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fine particle transport dynamics in response to wood additions in a small agricultural stream

Drummond

Wright‐Stow

Franklin

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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“…In rivers, fine particles with a diameter of <100 microns consist of particulate organic carbon, minerals such as clay, algal and bacterial cells, and other contaminants (Drummond et al, 2014(Drummond et al, , 2018. Natural sources of these fine particles include induced overland flow and erosion, remobilization of fine particles stored in the stream bed, bank erosion, landslides, and other mass failures (Belmont et al, 2011;Mueller & Pitlick, 2013;Owens et al, 2005;Rose et al, 2018;Sekely et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Suspended Clay Particle Deposition on Sand‐Bed Morphodynamics

Dallmann

Phillips

Teitelbaum

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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Fine particles (0.1–100 microns) are ubiquitous within the water column. Observations on the interactions between suspended fine particles and sediment beds remain limited, reducing our ability to understand the interactions and feedbacks between fine particles, morphodynamics, and hyporheic flow. We performed laboratory experiments to explore changes in bedform morphodynamics and hyporheic flow following the progressive addition of kaolinite clay to the water column above a mobile sand bed. We characterized these interactions by taking high‐frequency time series measurements of bed topography and freestream clay concentration combined with solute injections and bed sediment cores to characterize subsurface properties. Deposition of initially suspended clay resulted in a decrease of bedform height, celerity, and sediment flux by 14%, 22%, and 29% when 1000 g was accumulated within the bed (equal to clay/sand mass ratio of 0.4% in the bed). The hyporheic exchange flux decreased by almost a factor of 2 for all clay additions, regardless of the amount of clay eventually deposited in the bed. Post experiment sediment cores showed clay accumulation within and below the mobile layer of the bedforms, with the peak concentration occurring at the most frequent bedform scour depth. These results demonstrate the tight coupling between bed sediment morphodynamics, fine particle (clay) deposition, and hyporheic exchange. Suspended and bed load transport rates are diminished by the transfer of suspended load to the sediment via hyporheic exchange. This coupling should be considered when estimating sediment transport rates.

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“…Fine particle deposition, ubiquitous within rivers systems, is driven by the interactions of surface flow and bed morphology (Harvey et al, ; Packman et al, , ). Suspended particles in rivers are typically minerals or aggregations of organic matter with sizes smaller than 10

normalμ

m (Drummond et al, , ; Harvey et al, ; Huettel et al, ; Jin et al, ). Fine particles, due to their small size and density, are easily suspended in water (Packman et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Sediment Deposition and Filtration Under Losing and Gaining Flow Conditions: A Particle Tracking Model Approach

Preziosi-Ribero

Packman

Escobar-Vargas

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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Fine particle deposition within riverbeds plays a major role in riverine ecology and biogeochemistry by altering hyporheic exchange flux. Moreover, it is ubiquitous within streams and rivers across all flow stages. However, the dynamics of fine particle deposition are still not completely understood in rivers, and continuum models like the advection dispersion equation require modifications to represent the processes accurately. To enhance understanding of fine particle dynamics, we developed a novel numerical particle tracking model that simulates fine particle deposition as a stochastic process under losing, neutral, and gaining streamflow conditions. These flow conditions generate three different velocity profiles by combining the free surface and groundwater flows. In addition, a novel aspect of our model is the storage of filtered particles to estimate concentration fields within the bed. Our simulated results are qualitatively compared with previous laboratory flume experimental results of kaolinite deposition under similar conditions. The model indicates that fine particle deposition patterns and residence time functions depend heavily on the exchange flux between stream and groundwater, as well as bed filtration properties as the deposition of particles occurs at greater depths in the losing stream condition than in the neutral and gaining cases. Therefore, the spatial pattern of particle deposition is a direct result of pore water velocity profiles, while the concentration depends on filtration dynamics within the bed.

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Less Fine Particle Retention in a Restored Versus Unrestored Urban Stream: Balance Between Hyporheic Exchange, Resuspension, and Immobilization

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Fine particle transport dynamics in response to wood additions in a small agricultural stream

Fine particle transport dynamics in response to wood additions in a small agricultural stream

Impacts of Suspended Clay Particle Deposition on Sand‐Bed Morphodynamics

Fine Sediment Deposition and Filtration Under Losing and Gaining Flow Conditions: A Particle Tracking Model Approach

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