Lesotho HIV Prevention Response and Modes of Transmission Analysis

Khobotlo, Motlalepula; Tshehlo, Relebohile; Nkonyana, John; Ramoseme, Mahlape; Khobotle, Mokete; Chitoshia, Abhimanyu; Hildebrand, Mikaela; Fraser, Nicole

doi:10.1037/e596992012-001

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Consistent with the www.intechopen.com global pattern, women are disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS, accounting for 57% of the total HIV-positive cases in Lesotho in 2007 (Khobotlo et al, 2009;UNAIDS, 2009), and most infections occur among young women aged 15-24 years. According to (Khobotlo et al, 2009), in 2007 young women had an HIV prevalence of 14.3% compared to 5.6% among men of the same age. Several factors underlie this pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Role of the Private Sector in HIV and AIDS Interventions in Developing Countries: The Case of Lesotho

Mokomane¹,

Makoae²

2011

Understanding HIV/AIDS Management and Care - Pandemic Approaches in the 21st Century

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Role of the Private Sector in HIV and AIDS Interventions in Developing Countries: The Case of Lesotho

Mokomane¹,

Makoae²

2011

Understanding HIV/AIDS Management and Care - Pandemic Approaches in the 21st Century

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“…Whereas in Swaziland the percentage is between 50% and 65% (18); Lesotho between 35% and 62% (Khobotlo et al 2009) and Kenya about 44% (Gelmon, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Webs Model for the Examination of Unsafe Sexual Behaviors and the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Including HIV/AIDS

Timiun¹

2012

ASS

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Unsafe sex is the second most important risk factor for disability and deaths in the poorest countries and the ninth most important in developed countries. Globally, 30.8 million adults are living with HIV/AIDS and 340 million people are infected annually with sexually transmitted diseases. Unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS had been inexorably linked to sex, yet, there is no health behavior model focusing squarely on sexual attributes to provide analytical framework for the examination of unsafe sexual behaviors and the spread of sexual transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. This hinders the understanding of the roles of sexual attributes and contextual factors in influencing unsafe sex and the spread of related infections. The 'Sexual Webs model' has been constructed based on the individuals' sexual attributes; levels of entanglement into the "sexual networks" known as "Sexual webs" for the examination of contextual issues influencing unsafe sexual behavior and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Published qualitative research articles on sexual behaviors, and health behavior models were selected from the internet using Google and Google Scholar search. The research findings were synthesized using meta-ethnographic analysis. Research endeavors using the postulates of this model would provide better insight on the contextual issues influencing unsafe sexual behavior for policy formulation and program interventions to promote safe sexual practices.

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“…A national study of uniformed personnel in Burundi found that married men had HIV prevalence 2.7 times higher than reported for their never-married counterparts (Ndayirague et al, 2008a). However, never having been married is not universally protective against HIV infection, especially among women; in Lesotho, 24.2% of never-married women who have had sex are living with HIV (Khobotlo et al, 2009). …”

Section: Deriving Hiv Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Lesotho, women and men in every income, education and migration strata had an HIV prevalence of 15% or higher in 2004 (Khobotlo et al, 2009). …”

Section: Impact Across Diverse Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women's vulnerability to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa stems not only from their greater physiological susceptibility to heterosexual transmission, but also to the severe social, legal and economic disadvantages they often confront. A recent comprehensive epidemiological review undertaken in connection with the modes of transmission study in Lesotho (see the box 'Assessing HIV incidence, modes of transmission and HIV prevention efforts') found that sexual and physical violence is a key determinant of the country's severe HIV epidemic (Khobotlo et al, 2009). According to a recent survey, 47% of men and 40% of women in Lesotho say women have no right to refuse sex with their husbands or boyfriends (Andersson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Deriving Hiv Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An old enzyme for current needs: adenosine deaminase and a dendritic cell vaccine for HIV

et al. 2011

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After nearly three decades of searching for a vaccine against HIV, a cure for this pandemic disease still remains elusive. The low immunogenicity of the surface proteins and the huge variability of the virus, together with the immunocompromised status of the host, have made developing an HIV vaccine an uphill battle. Over the past few years, both immunogen design and immunization strategies have improved, providing hope for future, although the anti‐HIV responses achieved still remain modest. As developing a prophylactic vaccine seems unlikely nowadays, efforts have focused on alternative therapeutic immunization approaches, although these still need to be further optimized. Using an immunomodulator capable of restoring immune function in the context of infection, thereby boosting cell‐mediated and humoral responses, could be critical in effectively improving current therapeutic approaches. Adenosine deaminase, a protein with a pivotal role in T‐cell co‐stimulation, has been shown to robustly enhance specific T‐cell responses against HIV in vitro. Although its role in humoral responses has not yet been assessed, genetic defects in this enzyme are associated with impaired cellular and humoral responses. Importantly, this molecule is already commercially available pharmaceutically and, therefore, it fulfils all the requirements to be assayed as an anti‐HIV vaccine adjuvant.

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Lesotho HIV Prevention Response and Modes of Transmission Analysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of the Private Sector in HIV and AIDS Interventions in Developing Countries: The Case of Lesotho

The Role of the Private Sector in HIV and AIDS Interventions in Developing Countries: The Case of Lesotho

Sexual Webs Model for the Examination of Unsafe Sexual Behaviors and the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Including HIV/AIDS

An old enzyme for current needs: adenosine deaminase and a dendritic cell vaccine for HIV

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