Lesions of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection were more severe in broilers than pullets

Onyema, Ifeanyichukwu; Eze, Didacus Chukwuemeka; Abba, Yusuf; Emennaa, P. E.; Shoyinka, S. V. O.; Okwor, E. C.; Ezema, Wilfred Sunday; Ihedioha, John Ikechukwu; Okoye, J. O. A.

doi:10.1080/09712119.2019.1598420

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All challenged groups showed diffuse necrotic nephritis which involved the renal tubules [ 51 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], while the choanal group showed focal renal necrotic lesions, suggesting a wider systemic distribution of NDV through other routes of inoculation [ 62 ]. In terms of the lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, and cecal tonsils), several lesions were noticed in all inoculated groups, including lymphocytic depletion and necrosis, in agreement with several previous reports [ 55 , 61 , 74 , 75 ]. The observed lymphoid depletion might be attributed to the multiplication of the virus and its presence in lymphocytes, which consequently greatly reduced the immune status of the birds [ 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pathogenesis of Velogenic Genotype VII.1.1 Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken in Egypt via Different Inoculation Routes: Molecular, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Study

EL-Morshidy¹,

Abdo

Elmahallawy

et al. 2021

Animals

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) remains a constant threat to the poultry industry. There is scarce information concerning the pathogenicity and genetic characteristics of the circulating velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Egypt. In the present work, NDV was screened from tracheal swabs collected from several broiler chicken farms (N = 12) in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) was used for screening of velogenic and mesogenic NDV strains through targeting F gene fragment amplification, followed by sequencing of the resulting PCR products. The identified strain, namely, NDV-CH-EGYPT-F42-DAKAHLIA-2019, was isolated and titrated in the allantoic cavity of 10 day old specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs), and then their virulence was determined by mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). The pathogenicity of the identified velogenic NDV strain was also assessed in 28 day old chickens using different inoculation routes as follows: intraocular, choanal slit, intranasal routes, and a combination of both intranasal and intraocular routes. In addition, sera were collected 5 and 10 days post inoculation (pi) for the detection of NDV antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition test (HI), and tissue samples from different organs were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. A series of different clinical signs and postmortem lesions were recorded with the various routes. Interestingly, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for NDV nucleoprotein displayed widespread systemic distribution. The intensity of viral nucleoprotein immunolabeling was detected within different cells including the epithelial and endothelium lining, as well as macrophages. The onset, distribution, and severity of the observed lesions were remarkably different between various inoculation routes. Collectively, a time-course comparative pathogenesis study of NDV infection demonstrated the role of different routes in the pathogenicity of NDV. The intranasal challenge was associated with a prominent increase in NDV lesions, whereas the choanal slit route was the route least accompanied by severe NDV pathological findings. Clearly, the present findings might be helpful for implementation of proper vaccination strategies against NDV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pathogenesis of Velogenic Genotype VII.1.1 Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken in Egypt via Different Inoculation Routes: Molecular, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Study

EL-Morshidy¹,

Abdo

Elmahallawy

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…These lesions agree with overt clinical signs reported by poultry handlers such as difficulty in breathing, greenish diarrhoea, weakness, and anorexia with wing and leg paralysis as the most common neurological symptoms among flocks. Haemorrhage at the tip of the proventriculus is highly suggestive of ND [ 26 , 27 ]. Generally, distributed lesions suggest that the virus is able to infect and replicate in most organs, typical of vNDV as supported by the cleavage site motif of the isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Amino Acid Changes in the Fusion Protein of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus from Vaccinated Poultry in Nigerian Isolates

Funsho-Sanni

Ella

Rogo

et al. 2022

International Journal of Microbiology

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The roles of fusion gene in the virulence of Newcastle disease virus are well established, but the extent of its variation among the XIV, XVII, and XVIII genotypes reported in Central Africa and West Africa has until recently been understudied. In this study, virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) was isolated from dead chickens among vaccinated flocks between March and April 2020. Fusion (F) gene was sequenced and analysed for characterization and information about genetic changes. Many substitutions were observed along the region and some of their functions are yet to be determined. Results showed that all study isolates have virulent cleavage site sequence 112-RRRKR-116/F117 and clustered within genotype XIVb. Sequence analysis showed K78R mutation in the A2 antigenic epitope in all isolates and more along the F-gene which varied in some instances within the isolates. Mutation in this A2 antigenic epitope has been reported to induce escape mutation to monoclonal antibodies generated using the NDV LaSota strain. The range of percentage nucleotide and amino acid homology between the study isolates and commercially available vaccine strains is 81.14%–84.39% and 0.175–0.211, respectively. This report provides evidence of vNDV among vaccinated chicken flock and molecular information about circulating vNDV strains in Kano State, Nigeria, which is useful for the development of virus matched vaccines. Newcastle disease (ND) surveillance and molecular analysis of circulating strains in this region should be encouraged and reported. Furthermore, ND outbreaks or cases among vaccinated poultry presented to veterinary clinics should be reported to the state epidemiologist. Nucleotide sequences were assigned accession numbers OK491971–OK491977.

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“…A previous study identified a significant difference in the severity of tissue (proventriculus, intestinal, and cecal tonsil) lesions in 10-week-old chickens (broilers and pullets) that were infected with velogenic NDV, with very severe lesions observed in broilers compared to pullets [ 20 ]. The differences in NDV susceptibility between breeds or ecotypes might explain differences in clinical signs and mortality between Ghana and Tanzania local chicken ecotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selection for increased survival time could reduce gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) lesion development, which may enable birds to ultimately fight off velogenic NDV. A previous study indicated that NDV infection caused more mortalities and higher lesion scores in broilers than in pullets [ 20 ]. In chickens, high GIT lesion infestation is often attributed to hemorrhages and ulcers, and this can significantly increase the severity of NDV infection in chickens compared to other poultry species [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental infection trials with velogenic strains are difficult and expensive because of the high biocontainment required. As a result, such experiments are often conducted with small sample sizes [ 19 , 20 ]. Routine large-scale experimental infection with Marek’s disease in a commercial layer breeding program have been conducted and have reported significant progress in reducing mortality from Marek’s disease [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Analyses of Response of Local Ghanaian Tanzanian Chicken Ecotypes to a Natural Challenge with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

Walugembe

Naazie²,

Mushi³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Newcastle disease is a devastating poultry disease that often causes significant economic losses in poultry in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, as well as South and Central America. Velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks are associated with high mortalities, which can threaten household livelihoods, especially in the rural areas, and lead to loss of high-quality proteins in the form of meat and eggs, as well as household purchasing power. In this study, we exposed unvaccinated Ghanaian and Tanzanian chickens of six local ecotypes to velogenic NDV strains, measured NDV response traits, sequenced their DNA on a genotyping-by-sequencing platform, and performed variance component analyses. The collected phenotypes included: growth rates (pre- and post-exposure); lesion scores (gross lesion severity) in the trachea, proventriculus, intestine, and cecal tonsils; natural antibody levels; anti-NDV antibody levels at 7 days post exposure (dpe); tear and cloacal viral load at 2, 4, and 6 dpe; and survival time. Heritability estimates were low to moderate, ranging from 0.11 for average lesion scores to 0.36 for pre-exposure growth rate. Heritability estimates for survival time were 0.23 and 0.27 for the Tanzanian and Ghanaian ecotypes, respectively. Similar heritability estimates were observed when data were analyzed either separately or combined for the two countries. Survival time was genetically negatively correlated with lesion scores and with viral load. Results suggested that response to mesogenic or velogenic NDV of these local chicken ecotypes could be improved by selective breeding. Chickens that are more resilient to velogenic NDV can improve household livelihoods in developing countries.

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Lesions of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection were more severe in broilers than pullets

Abstract: velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection were more severe in broilers than pullets,

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Pathogenesis of Velogenic Genotype VII.1.1 Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken in Egypt via Different Inoculation Routes: Molecular, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Study

Pathogenesis of Velogenic Genotype VII.1.1 Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken in Egypt via Different Inoculation Routes: Molecular, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Study

Analysis of Amino Acid Changes in the Fusion Protein of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus from Vaccinated Poultry in Nigerian Isolates

Genetic Analyses of Response of Local Ghanaian Tanzanian Chicken Ecotypes to a Natural Challenge with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

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