Lesions Associated With Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Alpine Ibex

Mayer, Daniel; Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre; Meier, W; Nicolet, Jacques; Giacometti, Marco

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-33.3.413

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…The IKC epizootic in the Silver Bell Mountains was similar to other IKC epizootics reported in other species (Meagher et al, 1992;Loison et al, 1996;Taylor et al, 1996;Cransac et al, 1997;Mayer et al, 1997). Clinically affected bighorn sheep were observed following the first observation of domestic goats in bighorn sheep habitat.…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

“…1). We located blind bighorn sheep in varying stages of disease; however, those that were followed through all stages of IKC (Mayer et al, 1997) were blind for 38.4 days (n59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23.5-53.4 days) before recovering their eyesight or perishing. Bighorn sheep that regained their eyesight or perished were blind for 44 days (n53; 95% CI, 39.7-48.3 days) and 35.7 days (n56; 95% CI, 10.5-60.8 days), respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Bighorn Sheep, Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona, USA

Jansen

Heffelfinger

Noon

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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supporting

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Bighorn Sheep, Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona, USA

Jansen

Heffelfinger

Noon

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…was detected in the eyes of Pyrenean chamois (Tournut et al, 1985) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA, affected by IKC (Meagher et al, 1992). In contrast, following a severe infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) epizootic in free-ranging Alpine ibex in Grisons in 1993, conjunctival swabs of 15 affected animals examined were negative for Chlamydia (Mayer et al, 1997).…”

Section: Salmonella Enterica Serovar Abortusovis Chlamydophila Abortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpine ibex (Capra i. ibex) is not a reservoir for chlamydial infections of domestic ruminants and humans

et al. 2010

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Chlamydophila (C.) abortus is the most common infectious abortigenic agent in small domestic ruminants in Switzerland. In contrast, the knowledge about chlamydiae in wild ruminants is scarce. As interactions between livestock and Alpine ibex (Capra i. ibex) occur on alpine pastures, the question raises if wild ruminants could play a role as carriers of chlamydiae. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of chlamydiae in Alpine ibex in Switzerland. In total, 624 sera, 676 eye swabs, 84 organ samples and 51 faecal samples from 664 ibex were investigated. Serum samples were tested by two commercial ELISA kits specific for C. abortus. Eye swabs, organs and faecal samples were examined by a Chlamydiaceae-specific real-time PCR. Positive cases were further investigated by the ArrayTube (AT) microarray method for chlamydial species determination. Of 624 serum samples investigated, 612 animals were negative, whereas nine sera (1.5%) reacted positively in one of the two tests and three sera showed an inconclusive result. Eye swabs of seven out of 412 ibex (1.7%) were tested positive for Chlamydiaceae by real-time PCR. By AT microarray, Chlamydophila pecorum was identified in two animals, Chlamydophila pneumoniae was detected in one animal and a mixed infection with Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila pecorum was found in four animals. Organs and faecal samples were all negative by real-time PCR analysis. In summary, we conclude that C. abortus is not a common infectious agent in the Swiss ibex population. To our knowledge, this is the first description of C. pneumoniae in ibex. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the situation in other species of wild ruminants as chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) in Switzerland. (C.) abortus is the most common infectious abortigenic agent in small domestic ruminants in Switzerland. In contrast, the knowledge about chlamydiae in wild ruminants is scarce. As interactions between livestock and Alpine ibex (Capra i. ibex) occur on alpine pastures, the question raises if wild ruminants could play a role as carriers of chlamydiae. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of chlamydiae in Alpine ibex in Switzerland. In total, 624 sera, 676 eye swabs, 84 organ samples and 51 faecal samples from 664 ibex were investigated. Serum samples were tested by two commercial ELISA kits specific for C. abortus. Eye swabs, organs and faecal samples were examined by a Chlamydiaceae-specific real-time PCR. Positive cases were further investigated by the ArrayTube (AT) microarray method for chlamydial species determination. Of 624 serum samples investigated, 612 animals were negative, whereas nine sera (1.5%) reacted positively in one of the two tests and three sera showed an inconclusive result. Eye swabs of seven out of 412 ibex (1.7%) were tested positive for Chlamydiaceae by real-time PCR. By AT microarray, Chlamydophila pecorum was identified in two animals, Chlamydophila pneumoniae was detected in one animal and a mixed infec...

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“…Therefore, it would be most difficult to rule out KCS as a differential diagnosis for keratoconjunctivitis if the normal STT value for that species is not known. Due to the importance of establishing baseline values, and because keratoconjunctivitis has been diagnosed in large herbivores including ibex (Mayer et al, 1997), we decided to evaluate tear production in three wild ungulates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear Production in Three Captive Wild Herbivores in Israel

Ofri

Horowitz

Kass

1999

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The Schirmer tear test (STT) I was performed to evaluate tear production in 12 captive Nubian ibex (Capra ibex nubiana), 10 captive Burchell's zebras (Equus burchelli) and five Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) at the TelAviv Ramat-Gan Zoological Center (Israel). Mean (Ϯstandard deviation) STT values were 13.2 Ϯ 5.1 mm/min in the ibex, 23.4 Ϯ 3.4 mm/ min in the zebra and 12.7 Ϯ 4.8 mm/min in the oryx. There were no significant effects of gender, age, weight, or side of the eye. There were no significant differences in STT values between ibex and oryx, but tear production in both species was significantly lower than in zebras. Knowledge of normal tear production values is important for the differential diagnosis of conjunctivitis and keratitis in these species.

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Lesions Associated With Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Alpine Ibex

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Bighorn Sheep, Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona, USA

Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Bighorn Sheep, Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona, USA

Alpine ibex (Capra i. ibex) is not a reservoir for chlamydial infections of domestic ruminants and humans

Tear Production in Three Captive Wild Herbivores in Israel

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