Lesional expression of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in canine atopic dermatitis

ABSTRACT. The effects of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine A (CsA) and FK506 on the mRNA expressions of various cytokines were evaluated in dogs to determine whether the effects of CsA and FK506 in dogs were similar to those in humans. The mRNA expression levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α were measured in PHA-stimulated canine PBMC using real-time RT-PCR after incubation with CsA or FK506 for 5 hr. Both reagents inhibited IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expressions in a dose-dependent manner. However, CsA hardly inhibited the mRNA expression of TNF-α. These findings are important for assessing the indications of CsA treatment in dogs.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cyclosporine A Inhibits the mRNA Expressions of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-.GAMMA., but not TNF-.ALPHA., in Canine Mononuclear Cells

Kobayashi

Momoi

Iwasaki

2007

“…A comparative CT method was used for quantification of chemokine mRNA expression as previously reported [12]. For each sample, the CT values for the target amplicon (chemokines) and the calibrator (GAPDH) were determined to report the relative transcription of the amplicon cDNA against calibrator cDNA, respectively.…”

Section: Dog Cases With Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study indicated that IL-4 mRNA was preferentially expressed in lesional skin of dogs with AD [20]. In lesional skin of canine AD, expression of CCL17 [12] and CCR4 mRNA [14] was detected in conjunction with the expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α [12]. Furthermore, it was also found that the number of CCR4 + cells was increased in peripheral CD4 + cells from dogs with AD [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Expression Analysis of CCL27 and CCL28 mRNA in Lesional and Non-Lesional Skin of Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis

Maeda

Tsuchida

Shibata

et al. 2008

Self Cite

ABSTRACT. Chemokines are important regulators of the selective recruitment of inflammatory cells into sites of allergic inflammation. Since canine atopic dermatitis (AD) shares many clinical features of human AD, patterns of chemokine production in dogs may also be similar with those in humans. The aim of this study was to examine mRNA expression of CCL27 and CCL28 in lesional skin of dogs with AD to demonstrate similarity of chemokine production with human counterparts. RNA was extracted from skin biopsy specimens of 12 dogs with AD. The mRNA expression of CC chemokines (CCL4, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL24, CCL27 and CCL28) was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and was compared between lesional and non-lesional skin. Seven types of chemokines examined were constitutively expressed in both lesional and non-lesional skin. It was found that mRNA expression levels of CCL27 and CCL28 among the chemokines were significantly different between lesional and non-lesional skin (P<0.05). Expression level of CCL27 mRNA in lesional skin was significantly lower than that in non-lesional skin. On the other hand, CCL28 mRNA expression in lesional skin was found to be higher than that in non-lesional skin. These results suggest that CCL28 but not CCL27 may play important roles in immunopathogenesis of canine AD, indicating that experimental canine study may provide additional information that can be extrapolated to human AD.

“…These results suggest that the interaction between CCR4 and CCL17 plays an essential role in the immunopathogenesis of AD in humans. Similarly, in canine AD, expression of CCL17 [6] and CCR4 mRNAs [8] was detected in conjunction with the expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in lesional skin [6], and the number of CCR4 + cells also increased in peripheral CD4 + Tlymphocytes [7]. A recent study in dogs demonstrated that keratinocytes were the major CCL17-producing cells in lesional skin of dogs with canine AD [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CC Chemokine Receptor 4-Positive CD4+ Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood Increases during Maturation in Healthy Beagles

Yasuda

Masuda

Maeda

2008

Self Cite

ABSTRACT. In this study, percentages of CCR4 + cells in peripheral CD4 + T-lymphocytes were examined with flow cytometry in 46 healthy beagles between 3 months and 7 years of age. The percentage of CCR4 + cells varied from 9.9% to 33.5%. The mean percentage was significantly lower in the group with ages of less than 1 year than those with ages equal to or more than 1 year (p<0.05), suggesting that maturation might increase the CCR4 + T-lymphocyte subset. No influence of aging on the percentages was detected among the groups with ages equal to or more than 1 year. The findings are useful for establishing a reference value for the percentage of peripheral CCR4 + CD4 + lymphocytes in dogs. KEY WORDS: canine, CCR4, lymphocyte.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(9): 989-992, 2008 Leukocytes express various types of chemokine receptors and show specific trafficking via interaction between those receptors and chemokines produced at inflammatory sites [18]. Specific expression profiles of chemokine receptors have been used to classify specific cell types, for instance, two different subsets of helper T-lymphocytes:Th1 and Th2 cells [1]. Among the chemokine receptors, it has been shown that Th1 cells selectively express CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 3 [13] and CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 [5], whereas Th2 cells express CCR3 [14] and CCR4 [3]. In human atopic dermatitis (AD), it was found that the frequency of CCR4 + cells among CD4 + T-lymphocytes increases in the peripheral blood [12] and lesional skin [11]. Additionally, the plasma concentration of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 17, a ligand of CCR4, was reported to increase in human AD and correlates with disease severity [4]. These results suggest that the interaction between CCR4 and CCL17 plays an essential role in the immunopathogenesis of AD in humans. Similarly, in canine AD, expression of CCL17 [6] and CCR4 mRNAs [8] was detected in conjunction with the expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in lesional skin [6], and the number of CCR4 + cells also increased in peripheral CD4 + Tlymphocytes [7]. A recent study in dogs demonstrated that keratinocytes were the major CCL17-producing cells in lesional skin of dogs with canine AD [9]. These studies indicated that CCR4-CCL17 interactions might play important roles in canine AD, similar to those in human AD.In humans, it was reported that CCR4 was specifically expressed on peripheral CD4 + T-lymphocytes from patients with AD but not from patients with psoriasis vulgaris [16]. Moreover, the percentages of CCR4 + cells in peripheral CD4 + T-lymphocytes were reported to increase in correlation with disease severity and decreased with improvement by topical corticosteroid therapy [16]. CCR4 was preferentially expressed on peripheral CD4 + T-lymphocytes in dogs with canine AD compared with those in healthy dogs [7]. These indicated that CCR4 expression on CD4 + T-lymphocytes might be a useful marker to identify atopic diseases, monitor their disease severity, and evaluate effects of treatment in dogs as wel...