“…Perturbation of Avr or R genes (15,20,41), graft inoculation instead of mechanical inoculation (6,28,69,72), change in genetic background of the R gene-carrying plant (45), heterozygosity rather than homozygosity of the R-genotype plant (10,52,56), prevention of salicylic acid accumulation in the R-genotype plant (19,42), or temperature shift (30,70) can result in virus escape to distant tissues, provoking systemic HR (SHR) in resistant genotypes. Occasionally, SHR will result in the death of the infected plant, a condition termed lethal SHR (LSHR) (28,29).…”