Les structures attribuables au Néolithique moyen de type Chassey (dernier tiers du Ve millénaire avant notre ère)

Antolín, Ferran; Schmitt, Aurore; Bader, Martin A.; Debenath, André; Delefosse, Charlène; Errera, Michel; Follmann, Franziska; Jacomet, Stéfanie; Jesus, Ana; Kühn, Marla; Pétrequin, Pierre; Reggio, Adrien; Röder, Brigitte; Schäfer, Marguerita; Schibler, Jörg; Schoch, Werner H.; Viel, L.; Willigen, Samuel van

doi:10.4000/books.pup.56744

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“…Furthermore, study of the plant remains from the three wells likewise has yielded compelling data on crop husbandry, agriculture development, and changes in crop cultivation during the Middle Neolithic. The plant findings also highlight a clear shift in the crop spectrum around 4000 cal B.C., a phenomenon identified elsewhere in southern France [ 3 , 12 , 24 , 25 ]. While the better-represented crops during the 5th millennium B.C.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In addition to their high number in well 990, there are other arguments that suggests that the vast differences in the quantity of remains do most probably not stem from taphonomic effects: The preservation of plant and invertebrate remains is excellent in wells 990 and 994 and, to a lesser extent, in well 250. Furthermore, the bone preservation of the hand-picked specimens and the remains from the samples (wet sieving technique, using wash-over) collected from the lower, water-logged layers of all three wells range from good to very good [ 24 , 25 ]. It is therefore possible to assume that these lower (waterlogged) layers offer a realistic portrait of the material that ended up in the abandoned wells when they were backfilled and what remained inside until they were excavated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A research excavation followed from 2012 to 2015, carried out by several partner institutions (University of Basel, University of Aix-Marseille; Service Régional de l’Archéologie de Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur and the Direction du Patrimoine de L’Isle-sur-la-Sorgue). An archaeological evaluation, as well as the first results of the archaeobiological investigations, was published in 2020 in the monograph coordinated by Samuel van Willigen [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In addition to the occupation from the Middle Neolithic (Néolithique moyen), the site also yielded structures from the Bronze Age, Iron Age, Gallo-Roman, and Modern periods, which will not be treated in this article.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The archaeobotanical and large mammal remains contained in well 250 reveal that activities related to the preparation and consumption of food were carried out in the immediate vicinity of the excavated structures [ 74 ]. Furthermore, the plant remains are compatible with the local vegetation of the time [ 12 , 24 , 75 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The area of this older phase formed part of an active alluvial plain-type environment [ 15 ]. Furthermore, the excavation revealed a large hollow filled with heating stones, a possible silo pit whose dating remains unclear, cremation graves, and several mortuary structures [ 15 , 24 ]. There is so far no indication of the presence of buildings that can be attributed to this occupation [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Animals, Big Impact? Early Farmers and Pre- and Post-Harvest Pests from the Middle Neolithic Site of Les Bagnoles in the South-East of France (L’Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, Vaucluse, Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur)

Häberle

Schäfer

Soteras

et al. 2022

Animals

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Pests appear to have accompanied humans and their crops since the beginning of farming. Nevertheless, their study is only rarely integrated into research on farming in prehistory. An assemblage of invertebrates and small mammals was recovered from the waterlogged layers of three wells at the Middle Neolithic site (4250–3700 cal B.C.) of Les Bagnoles (SE France). The microfaunal remains were retrieved from sediment samples by wet sieving (wash-over technique). The most common among the rodents is the wood mouse. The assemblage also consists of insect remains of grain weevil, seed beetle, and corn ground beetle. The different finds not only offer data on the role of insect and rodent pests in the Neolithic but on the possible strategies adopted by the early farming communities in the western Mediterranean in response to pest infestation. The findings appear to confirm the hypothesis that the wood mouse was a commensal and storage pest in settlements long before the arrival of the invasive house mouse during the Bronze Age. The presence of the main storage pest, the grain weevil, suggests a long-term grain storage issue at Les Bagnoles. The combination of the results of the site’s archaeobotanical findings with those of other sites in the western Mediterranean suggests that the shift from naked to glume wheat around 4000 B.C. may also stem from a reaction to the problem of grain weevil infestation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%