Predation by larvae of Sepedon ruficeps (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) and population dynamics of the adult flies and their freshwater prey. -The biology, phenology, and population dynamics of the adults of Sepedon ruficeps, the most widely distributed species of Sciomyzidae in Africa, were studied in Benin in permanent and temporary freshwater habitats. The feeding behavior of the larvae, expressed as the number of snails consumed, varies as a function of the species of prey utilized (Bulinus forskalii or Biomphalaria pfeifferi), as a function of the sizes of the predator/prey, and as a function of the stages of development of the larvae. In relation to the snail-prey, the second-and third instar-larvae show a food choice varying according to the specific ethology of the prey attacked. In all cases, the third-instar larvae always consume the largest number of snails and indifferently attack all of the species of snails utilized in laboratory rearings. The larvae consume, equally well, B. forskalii that are healthy or parasitized by the larvae of trematodes. Curiously, in laboratory rearings, in the absence of snails, the larvae of S. ruficeps are equally capable of attacking and developing at the expense of Aulophorus furcatus, a small, freshwater, oligochaete annelid (Naididae).