Les restes humains archéologiques en France : entre objets de science et sujets de droit

Colleter, Rozenn; Adèle, Paul-Anthelme

doi:10.7202/1066467ar

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Secondly, it opened innovative opportunities in the mediation activity to disseminate the results to a wide audience by proposing a printable model. The use of new technologies, such as 3D modeling of the remains allows us to achieve a long-term protection of these fragile remains [34,76]. µ-CT presents a real advantage for precise meshes and the study of the state of preservation/internal degradation of the bone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Different Digitization Methods for the Analysis of Cut Marks on the Oldest Bone Found in Brittany (France)

et al. 2022

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Archaeological 3D digitization of skeletal elements is an essential aspect of the discipline. Objectives are various: archiving of data (especially before destructive sampling for biomolecular studies for example), study or for pedagogical purposes to allow their manipulation. As techniques are rapidly evolving, the question that arises is the use of appropriate methods to answer the different questions and guarantee sufficient quality of information. The combined use of different 3D technologies for the study of a single Mesolithic bone fragment from Brittany (France) is here an opportunity to compare different 3D digitization methods. This oldest human bone of Brittany, a clavicle constituted of two pieces, was dug up from the mesolithic shell midden of Beg-er-Vil in Quiberon and dated from ca. 8200 to 8000 years BP. They are bound to post-mortem processing, realized on fresh bone in order to remove the integuments, which it is necessary to better qualify. The clavicle was studied through a process that combines advanced 3D image acquisition, 3D processing, and 3D printing with the goal to provide relevant support for the experts involved in the work. The bones were first studied with a metallographic microscopy, scanned with a CT scan, and digitized with photogrammetry in order to get a high quality textured model. The CT scan appeared to be insufficient for a detailed analysis; the study was thus completed with a µ-CT providing a very accurate 3D model of the bone. Several 3D-printed copies of the collarbone were produced in order to support knowledge sharing between the experts involved in the study. The 3D models generated from µCT and photogrammetry were combined to provide an accurate and detailed 3D model. This model was used to study desquamation and the different cut marks, including their angle of attack. These cut marks were also studied with traditional binoculars and digital microscopy. This last technique allowed characterizing their type, revealing a probable meat cutting process with a flint tool. This work of crossed analyses allows us to document a fundamental patrimonial piece, and to ensure its preservation. Copies are also available for the regional museums.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Different Digitization Methods for the Analysis of Cut Marks on the Oldest Bone Found in Brittany (France)

et al. 2022

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“…For some years now, we have had some practice in the use of virtual reality [98,99], but because it belongs to the funerary domain, this type of site is particular and requires a pedagogical support beyond the simple illustration. Before anything else, we think that it is necessary to start an important reflection on what we can or cannot show to a public with heterogeneous sensibilities [100,101].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Reconstruction and Geostatic Analysis of an Early Medieval Cemetery (Olonne-sur-Mer, France)

Colleter

Barreau

2021

Remote Sensing

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A preventive excavation performed in 2018 prior to development work led to the discovery of more than 213 subjects buried from the 4th to the 11th centuries in the 1850 m2 dug area. This is a cemetery located in Olonne-sur-Mer in France (46.53723, −1.77603). The complex is limited to the south by a ditch. To the north, no limits were observed during the excavation and, to the west, ancient archaeological surveys suggest an extension of the burial area. Biological analysis of the skeletons reveals a demographic characterizing a natural community, with an under-representation of children under 5 and with subjects under 20 appearing to be grouped together in the center of the area. The place where the youngest are buried often testifies to a strategic position in Christian contexts (near church doors, under sub stillicidio gutters, etc.). Funeral practices are characterized by numerous skeletal alterations, especially in the western area of the site where their concentrations are particularly significant. These are not ossuaries but rather supernumerary bones present in the fills of graves of subjects in place or old tombs where no skeletons in place are preserved. These alterations mark the areas where burials are most frequent. The 3D reconstruction is coupled with geostatistical analyses (heatmap and Moran’s index), considering the digging of the land, the concentration of residual artefacts found in the graves, but also the biological characteristics of the sample and the funeral practices uncovered. From 2D entities generated with GIS software, the process of the elevation and sculpture of the volumes is innovative, because even if it is carried out by precise but classical computer graphics techniques, it is led by advanced taphonomical and anthropological reflections. This makes it possible to propose empty spaces, a potential gathering area for the village community and circulation paths. These elements are essential in order to go beyond the storytelling often proposed in archaeology and propose a vision based on the coherence of the observed facts. Even when the archaeological remains are only sunken (no preserved elevation), the integration of multisource archaeological data (biological anthropology, funerary, artefacts and pit size) allows relevant 3D reconstructions as a formidable tool for discussing past occupations. Three-dimensional technologies make it possible to recreate a lost environment to allow a better understanding of the site. They are didactic and help to share data between researchers and/or the public, especially when they are invisible such as the presence of empty space.

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“…However human remains are not objects to study on the verge of reification, but subjects with their own dignity and they must be managed in a dualistic perspective between ethical and professional deontology (Colleter, 2019). So, this sensible approach is necessary to ensure respectful management of biological evidence that effectively belongs to our cultural heritage.…”

Section: Database Management Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Care of Ancient Human Remains. Conservation and Management With 3d Modeling and DBMS

Dellu

Sciatti²

2021

Proceedings ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress &Amp; 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation

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The interaction between humanities and scientific disciplines is a slow and recent process, which is still standing influencing more and more frequently the reconstruction of our history. Ancient human remains are a significant part of our heritage, both from a cultural and biological point of view. They keep trace of our evolution at a macroscopic and genetic level; for this reason they must be adequately protected. Since 2018, the Superintendence of Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the metropolitan city of Bari (Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and for Tourism of Italy) has launched a specific protocol for the management of physical anthropological finds, with the aim of protecting, knowing and enhancing them. The use of new technologies, such as 3D modeling of the finds and the management of all archaeological and anthropological data through DBMS, will allow us to carry out long-term protection. This will be the basis for achieving new studies and enhancement activities on ancient human remains, without increasing their degradation.

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Les restes humains archéologiques en France : entre objets de science et sujets de droit

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Use of Different Digitization Methods for the Analysis of Cut Marks on the Oldest Bone Found in Brittany (France)

Use of Different Digitization Methods for the Analysis of Cut Marks on the Oldest Bone Found in Brittany (France)

3D Reconstruction and Geostatic Analysis of an Early Medieval Cemetery (Olonne-sur-Mer, France)

Care of Ancient Human Remains. Conservation and Management With 3d Modeling and DBMS

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