Les Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, France): A mousterian reindeer hunting camp?

Costamagno, Sandrine; Meignen, Liliane; Beauval, Cédric; Vandermeersch, Bernard; Maureille, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2006.03.008

Cited by 136 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The intensity of this systematic strategy is also viewed in the abundance of bone retouchers used with side scrapers to produce new flakes (Mozota, 2012). Similar procedures have been identified at other Quina Mousterian assemblages such as Marillac (Costamagno et al, 2006) and Chez-Pinaud (Soressi, 2004).…”

Section: Iberian Peninsula Late Middle Paleolithicsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The Quina levels of Cova Negra and the Lower levels of Axlor are also probably situated in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, and reveal Quina-like ramification processes (Bourguignon, 1997;Lazuen and Gonzalez, 2015). In the Upper Pleistocene sites of Chez Pinaud and Les Pradelles in France, Quina ramified production involving the use of Quina resharpening flakes, sometimes retouched, has been documented (Bourguignon, 1997;Claud et al, 2012;Meignen 1988;Soressi, 2004;Costamagno et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ramification of lithic production and the search of small tools in Iberian Peninsula Middle Paleolithic

Garaizar

Eixea

Bonilla

2015

Quaternary International

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a b s t r a c tThe notion of recycling and it relationship with ramified productions and small tool production in Late Middle Paleolithic from the Iberian Peninsula are investigated. Results from Amalda, Axlor, Peña Miel, and Quebrada show that the production of small tools is one of the principal objectives of lithic provisioning in these sites. Whereas in Axlor and Amalda, this is achieved through the ramification of production, due to the remoteness of flint sources, in Quebrada, where raw material sources are closer, small flakes are obtained at the end of Levallois production. The implications for Neandertal society organization of this small tool production is discussed, and its evolution is observed from a diachronic perspective.

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Section: Iberian Peninsula Late Middle Paleolithicsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramification of lithic production and the search of small tools in Iberian Peninsula Middle Paleolithic

Garaizar

Eixea

Bonilla

2015

Quaternary International

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“…It seems however, that this strategy was more productive in situations where mass kill of fat animals was feasible just before winter (Brink, ). There is some evidence that Neandertals also practiced mass kills (Costamagno et al, ; Rendu et al, ), although widespread occurrence of mass kills is difficult to deduce, both temporally and spatially, from the zooarchaeological record (Discamps and Costamagno, ).…”

Section: The Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neandertals' large lower thorax may represent adaptation to high protein diet

Ben-Dor

Gopher

Barkai

2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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Humans are limited in their capacity to convert protein into energy. We present a hypothesis that a "bell" shaped thorax and a wide pelvis evolved in Neandertals, at least in part, as an adaptation to a high protein diet. A high protein diet created a need to house an enlarged liver and urinary system in a wider lower trunk. To test the hypothesis, we applied a model developed to identify points of nutritional stress. A ratio of obligatory dietary fat to total animal fat and protein sourced calories is calculated based on various known and estimated parameters. Stress is identified when the obligatory dietary fat ratio is higher than fat content ratios in available prey. The model predicts that during glacial winters, when carbohydrates weren't available, 74%-85% of Neandertals' caloric intake would have had to come from animal fat. Large animals contain around 50% fat calories, and their fat content is diminished during winter, so a significant stressful dietary fat deficit was identified by the model. This deficit could potentially be ameliorated by an increased capability to convert protein into energy. Given that high protein consumption is associated with larger liver and kidneys in animal models, it appears likely that the enlarged inferior section of the Neandertals thorax and possibly, in part, also his wide pelvis, represented an adaptation to provide encasement for those enlarged organs. Behavioral and evolutionary implications of the hypothesis are also discussed. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:367-378, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…A major disadvantage of this dataset is the lack of evidence from faunal remains. Faunal analysis can help determine whether an occupation was repeated seasonally or across many seasons . However, many sites do not have preservation of faunal remains.…”

Section: The Difficulties Of Differentiating Between Occupation Numbementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Archeologists traditionally address mobility by sourcing raw materials, assessing the degree of site provisioning with raw materials, and determining the season(s) of occupation and occupation intensity through faunal analysis . Each of these methods gives a slightly different perspective on the mobility of groups occupying a site and can provide some insight into the number and duration of occupations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and space in the middle paleolithic: Spatial structure and occupation dynamics of seven open‐air sites

Clark¹

2016

Evolutionary Anthropology

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The spatial structure of archeological sites can help reconstruct the settlement dynamics of hunter-gatherers by providing information on the number and length of occupations. This study seeks to access this information through a comparison of seven sites. These sites are open-air and were all excavated over large spatial areas, up to 2,000 m(2) , and are therefore ideal for spatial analysis, which was done using two complementary methods, lithic refitting and density zones. Both methods were assessed statistically using confidence intervals. The statistically significant results from each site were then compiled to evaluate trends that occur across the seven sites. These results were used to assess the "spatial consistency" of each assemblage and, through that, the number and duration of occupations. This study demonstrates that spatial analysis can be a powerful tool in research on occupation dynamics and can help disentangle the many occupations that often make up an archeological assemblage.

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Les Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, France): A mousterian reindeer hunting camp?

Cited by 136 publications

References 51 publications

Ramification of lithic production and the search of small tools in Iberian Peninsula Middle Paleolithic

Ramification of lithic production and the search of small tools in Iberian Peninsula Middle Paleolithic

Neandertals' large lower thorax may represent adaptation to high protein diet

Time and space in the middle paleolithic: Spatial structure and occupation dynamics of seven open‐air sites

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